272 THE POSITION OF MAN IN THE SCALE OF BEING. 



I assume, also, that you are now prepared to admit that 

 the existence of a spiritual element in the constitution of any 

 being associates that being with the spiritual world, even 

 although, in furtherance of his own future welfare, and in 

 conformity with the arrangements of providence, we find him 

 provided, at the same time, with an organism adapted as the 

 present instrumental means of his spiritual agency. 



I believe, moreover, that you will freely admit that an 

 organism adapted for a spiritual end must necessarily be of a 

 higher character, and more complete in its construction, than 

 any organism provided for a merely instinctive being. 



12. As the respective subjects of my present, as well as of 

 my two succeeding lectures, demand for their satisfactory con- 

 sideration a clear conception and steady grasp of the results 

 of our previous inquiries, I shall, before proceeding, put these 

 results in a categorical form. 



a. The psychic principle in man and in the animal, al- 

 though immaterial in its nature, and therefore recognisable 

 only by its manifestations through the consciousness, is dis- 

 tinguished from the spiritual principle in man by the immu- 

 tability of its powers and attributes, and the strict co-ordina- 

 tion of these to its proper sphere for each species of organism. 



b. On the other hand, the Pneuma or spiritual element in 

 man, also immaterial in its nature because only recognisable 

 by its manifestations through the consciousness, although in 

 its endowments strictly co-ordinate with the purpose of man 

 on earth, and with his future eternal destination, is neverthe- 

 less subject to his will, so that, in the present state of man, 

 the powers and attributes of his spiritual or proper element 

 are applicable or not, for his present and future welfare, as 

 may be determined by that freedom of choice involved in the 

 nature of his human will. 



c. We have already seen that, not only is the individual 

 economy of an animal fully and strictly provided for in its 



