446 APrENDix. 



II— NOTES ON THE MYOLOGY OF THE ELEPHANT. 



May 1856. 



The Panniculas carnosus consists of four portions — 1st, cervical, 

 ribbon-shaped, which arises from the forepart of the process of the 

 scapular spine, and passes upwards and forwards ; 2d, dorsal, 

 arises from the elastic fascia on the back about a foot from the 

 mesial line, and from along the posterior margin of the thorax : 

 half-way down, its fibres converging are inserted by a thin tendon 

 to the spine of the scapula ; 3d, thoracic, from the remaining part 

 of the margin of the thorax, with an edge below : its fibres con- 

 verge to within the arm ; 4th, a portion which arises from the line 

 of origin of the last and below it, converges backwards to a strong 

 tendon which spreads over the patella, and under cover of the strong 

 fascia of the outside of the thigh. 



The fascia of the posterior limb is exceedingly strong and 

 appears to be continuous with the fascia of the trunk with which 

 the Pannieulus carnosus is also continuous. On the back and 

 side of the belly it consists almost entirely of yellow texture, except 

 in the middle of the back, the fibres pass upwards and backwards. 

 Along the outer side of the thigh it is very thick and yellow from 

 the spine of the ilium to the outside of the knee ; over the latter 

 it becomes white and envelopes the patella and joint, passing 

 downwards, backwards, and inwards. 



In the anterior limb the subcutaneous areolar tissue is remark- 

 ably dense, and presents the appearance of a close mesh-work of 

 fibrous bundles without fat. The aponeurosis commences on the 

 outer side of the limb in the line of the spine of the scapula and 

 point of the shoulder, attached to the former, and lost above the 

 latter on the surface of the anterior spinatus muscle ; at the lower 

 part of the bend of the elbow, and downwards to the carcase, it 

 becomes thick, longitudinally fasciculated, and almost entirely com- 

 posed of elastic tissue ; on the outer part of the shoulder it is 

 merely fibrous but strong ; also over the triceps it is aponeurotic 

 and comparatively thin ; over the olecranon it has a similar appear- 

 ance, but on the back of the arm it is again elastic though thin ; 

 below the carcase it degenerates into dense areolar tissue or fascia, 



