INVESTIGATING ORGANIC FORMS. 215 



the syiiipli};^i.s of the lower j;iw — tlic lower part of the 

 chin ; the ui)per part of tlie dor.siil vertebne ; the tip of 

 the shoulder — ujipor end of the humerus (showing also the 

 breadth) ; the ujjper part of the sternum — and average j)Osi- 

 tion of the upper parietcs ; the middle of the doreal region — 

 sixth and seventh dorsal vcrtebne ; the nipple in the female ; 

 the upper part of the lumbar, ami lower part of the dorsal 

 region ; the exact position of the elbow-joint ; the upper part 

 of the pelvis — the haunch-bones ; the lower edge of the last 

 lumbar vertebra- ; the upper part of the sacrum ; the line so 

 long f:\miliar to artists as dividing the body and correspond- 

 ing with the upper part of the pelvis ; the tip of the longest 

 finger — a remarkable feature in drawing the bodv : and the 

 upper end of the tibia, one-fourth of the body. 



Undoubtedly, in all organic bodies, as they had seen in a few 

 examples, certain geometrical principles would be discovered, 

 and though Mr. Hay's diagram was artificial and empirical, 

 because it had been used empirically in the meantime, yet it 

 gave correctly all the parts. 



Mr. Hay had at first proceeded Ity following theoretical 

 views. He believed the human body to be beautiful, and to 

 give pleasure artistically because it included certain sjinme- 

 trical and geometrical forms. 



His investigations were limited at first to the human head, 

 the anterior part of which he had found to be spheroidal, and 

 the posterior, seen from the side, from above, and from below, 

 to be included in a sphere and oblate spheroid, formed by the 

 revolution of a circle and an ellipse. These figures enclosed 

 ceitain triangles. The triangle of the circle was a right-angled 

 isosceles triangle ; the triangle of the ellipse a right-angled 

 scalene. They varied, according to their peculiar character, 

 within certain limits. 



^Vitll these views he had been able, by continuing the 

 system of geometrical construction, which he had foimd sue- 



