^§ 254, 255. 



THE CEPHALOPODA. 



291 



§ 254. 



The existence of an Aquiferous system with the Cephalopoda cannot be 

 doubted. <'> It occupies the entire trunk of these animals, and terminates by 

 two orifices between which lies the excretory duct of the ink-sac, and which 

 are often situated upon a small tubular eminence of the peritoneum. Each 

 of these orifices leads into a spacious, thin-walled cavity (lateral cell),® 

 situated near the pericardium. It contains the two venae cavae with their 

 appendages, and communicates, by orifices and canals, with other aquiferous 

 cells surrounding the various viscera, — such as the stomach and the caecum, 

 as well as with the two so-called branchial heai'ts. These ceils send a 

 canal to the special genital glands.'''' 



With Nautilus, there are, on each side, in the abdominal peritoneum, 

 three orifices, through which the water of the cavity of the mantle enters 

 into the lateral cavities.*^' There is another system of aquiferous canals 

 under the skin of the head and neck. It consists of several large reservoirs 

 which extend somewhat deeply between the organs of this portion of the 

 body. These reservoirs communicate externally by orifices situated upon 

 different points of the head.**' 



CHAPTER IX, 



ORGANS OF SECRETION. 



/. Urinary Organs. 



§ 255. 



The Urinary organs of the Cephalopoda, which have hitherto been much 

 doubted, are particular appendages of the Venae cavae. With all the 

 species having two branchiae, the two Venae cavae, formed by the division 

 of the great median sinus, and which extend obliquely through the two lat- 



1 For this aquiferous system, see D'Orbigny, 

 in Ferusnac^ loc. cit. IntnxJuct. p. 20, Ouvertures, 

 aquiWres, and Delle C/iiaje, Descriz. I. p. 53, 

 Apparato-acquoso o idro-pneumatico. Botli of 

 these naturalists have included in this system the 

 lachrymal openings and the space circumscribed by 

 the ocular capsules. 



2 See Swammerdamm, loc. cit. p. 354, Taf. LI. 

 fig. 1, q. q, and Taf. LII. fig. 10, g. g ; Brandt, 

 Medix. zool. II. p. SOS, Taf. XXXII. fig. 1, 24, i. i 

 (Sepia) ; Cuvier, Mem. p. 15, PI. I. fig. 1 r. r, and 

 Mayer, Analekt. &c. p. 54, Taf. V. fig. 1. t. u. 

 {Octopus) ; Savi^ny, loo. cit. PI. I. fig. 12, 3i : g. g 

 {Octopun and Sepia), and Firussac, loc. cit. (Oc- 

 topus), PI. XII. fig. 1. PI. XIII. fig. 2, PI. XIV. 

 fig. 1, f. f r. r. See also Krohn. in MuUer''s Arch. 

 1839, p. 353. 



3 Delle Chiaje, Descriz. Tav. XV. fig. 1. q. 

 {J'remoctopus). 



i Owen, On the Nautilus, p. 32, or Isis, p. 27, or 

 Ann. d. Sc. Nat. p. 127, and Valenciennes, loc. 

 cit. p. 285, PI X. fig. 1, 2. 



5 With Tremoctopus violaceus, there are four 

 rery distinct Foramina aquifera. Two of these 

 are situated at the sujjerior part of the head behind 

 the base of the superior arms, and the other two on 

 the sides of the funnel (Delle Chiaje, loc. cit. Tav. 

 LXXI. (11) fig. 10, p., Ferussac, loc. cit. p. 92. 

 Octopus, PI. XVIII. XIX. fig. 1). With Octopus 

 tuberculatus, there are only these last two open- 

 ings (Delle Chiaje, loc. cit. Tav. LV. (3), fig. 1, d. 

 d. ; IVagner, in Ileusins-er's Zeitsch. f. d. organ. 

 Physik. Til. p. 227, Taf. XII. fig. 1, and Ferussac. 

 loc. cit. p. 88, Octopus, PI. VI.^ fig. 2). 



It is the same also with Ommastrephes todarus 

 (Ferussac loc. cit. Ommwstrephes, PI. II. fig. 3, 

 10). With Octopus indicus, there are eight small 

 aquiferous orifices between the arms near the mouth 

 (Ferussac, loc. cit. p. 25, Octopus, PI. XXVI. fig. 

 1). According to D^Orbig-ny, there are only six, 

 in the same situation witlj Sepia, Loligo, Ouycbo- 

 teuthis, kc. 



