356 



THE CRUSTACEA. 



<§.293. 



Chilopoda, also, the ovary is a single long tube, but extends from before 

 backwards and terminates by a short oviduct in the last segment of the 

 bod}'. The Rcceptaculum seminis consists, here, of two ovoid capsules, 

 sessile or pedunculated, and inserted upon the sides of the extremity of the 

 oviduct. Into this last, moreover, just before its termination, long excre- 

 tory ducts enter from the two to four Glandnlae sebaceae, which furnish 

 probably the viscous coating of the eggs.''^^ 



III. Male Crustacea. 



§ 293. 



The males of the Siphonostoma often differ very much from the females, 

 not only as to their external form, but also in their smaller size, — their 

 development being arrested at a very early period. On this account, some 

 are still unknown, and the organization of others is not understood. '^> 



With the Caligina, however, they have received more attention, for in 

 size they are scarcely smaller than the females. Their posterior abdominal 

 segment, which, usually, is not as large as that of the other sex, has, at its 

 extremity, two genital openings, side by side. No testicles or excretory 

 canals have yet been observed, but it may be inferred that their external 

 form and their disposition are analogous to those of the oviducts.'-' 



But with Dichelestium, the male organs are better known. The two 

 spheroidal testicles, and the somewhat tortuous Vasa deferentia of these 



There has been the same misapprehension and 

 changing of opinion on the subject of the position 

 of the external genital openings. According to 

 Treviranus, and Brandt (loc. cit.), they should 

 be situated, with Julus and Glomcris, at the pos- 

 terior extremity of the body ; but Latrei/le (Hist. 

 Nat. d. Fourmis, 1802, p. .385) had before indicated 

 their true position with Polydesmus, and Savi 

 (Isis, 1823, p. 217) has confirmed this with Julus. 

 Brandt (Rucueil, loc. cit. p. 154) has since recti- 

 fied his error in respect to Glomeris. But Utein 

 has treated with most detail the subject of the geni- 

 tal openings with Julus and Glomeris, as well as 

 then- seminal receptacles (Mailer's Arch. 1842, p. 

 246, Taf. XII. fig. 12, and Taf. XIII. fig. 15. See, 

 also, my observations. Ibid. 1843, p. 9). 



ly Fur the female genital organs of Lithobiiis 

 and Scutigera, see L. Dufour (loc. cit. p. 89, PI. 

 V. fig. 1, 4) who regards the two stalkless Recep- 

 tacula seminis of Lithobius as a reservoir of the 

 four Glandulae sebaceae, and with Scuti^era, as 

 the Glandes sebacies themselves. I cannot now 

 say whether these last organs are wanting in Scu- 

 tigera, or whether they escaped the attention of 

 this naturalist. Treviranus (Verm. Schrift. II. 

 p. 28, Taf. V. fig, 8) has very well observed the 

 simple ovary with its appendages of Lithobius ; 

 but he did not recognize the use of these last. 

 Kutnrga (loc. cit. p. 8, Tab. I. fig. 5) has not been 

 more fortunate with the female genital organs of 



Scolopendra. Those of Scolopendra morsitans 

 represented by Mailer (Isis, 1829, p. 550, Taf. II. 

 fig. 5) are probably the male organs. Stein (loc. 

 cit. p. 239, Taf. XII. fig. 2, 8) has described very 

 accurately these organs with Lithobius, and Geo- 

 philus. This last has two long-pedunculated semi- 

 nal receptacles, and only two very long Glandulae 

 sebaceae. 



1 Nordmann (loc. cit. p. T6, &e., Taf. V. Tin. 

 IX. X.) was the first to discover some of these 

 small male Crustacea which are nearly always 

 attached to their females in the neighborhood of 

 the genital openings. He observed them with 

 Achtheres, Brachiella, Chondracanthus, and 

 Anchorella. But with an individual of the first 

 of these genera only, he found in the posterior part 

 of the body, four round masses, which perhaps 

 may be the internal genital organs. Burmeister 

 (Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. XVII. p. 320) refuses to 

 recognize these small males for the above-men- 

 tioned Siphonostoma, while Kriiyer (Natur. 

 Tidskr. I. PI. III. or Isis, 1840, p. 710, Taf. I. 

 Tab. III.) sustains the opinion of JVordmann with 

 cogent arguments, and has described and figured 

 several of these males belonging to Lernaeopoda 

 and Lernaea. See also the description of Chon- 

 dracanthus published by Rathki, Nov. Act. Nat. 

 Cur. XX. p. 126, Tab. V. fig. 13. 



2 See Kriiyer, Naturh. Tidskr. I. PI. VI. or 

 Isis, 1841, p. 194, Taf. I. Tab. VI.* 



* [ § 293, note 2.] Dana (Caligus, loc. cit. 

 Amer. Jour. Sc. XXXII. p. 261, also. Report. 

 Crust. &c. p. 1344) has observed, with Caligus, a 

 well-formed male apparatus. Here, the testicle 

 (and the ovary, also, is the same) consists of a large 

 pyriform body of an internal ghandular ajipearauce, 

 and continuous into a duct extending the whole 



length of the thorax into the abdomen where it 

 passes into the seminal organs. Described more 

 particularly, the testicles are rather larger than the 

 buccal mass, and are situated just anterior to the 

 stomach, in part beneath the base of the prehensile 

 legs, and the spine of the preceding pair. — Ed. 



I 



*■ 



