§ 318. THE ARACHNOIDAE. 393 



surround their eggs, grouped together, with a tough coagulable substance, 

 and glue them to various bodies. It is, therefore, very probable that there 

 are special organs for the secretion of this substance.'^' 



As yet, we have no observations on the internal genital organs of the 

 Pycnogonidae, although, for a long time, the females have been recognized 

 by their filiform ociphores, composed of nine to ten articles, and situated in 

 front of the first pair of legs.'*' 



With the Phalangidae, the two ovaries are blended together, and form a 

 llexuous tube occupying a large portion of the abdomen and continuous 

 anteriorly into two short oviducts. These last unite in a large oviduct 

 situated, loop-like, in the posterior extremity of the abdomen, between the 

 convolutions of the ovaries. Its anterior extremity receives a second ovi- 

 duct, which, after describing numerous convolutions, opens in a horny, 

 articulated ovipositor. This last can be protruded between the posterior 

 legs by means of a special muscular apparatus, on the under side of which 

 are two caeca opening into the oviduct at the base of the ovipositor. 

 These organs are either seminal receptacles, or the secretory organs of a 

 viscous substance. <^' 



With most Araneae, the two oblong ovaries are concealed- between the 

 hepatic lobes, and open by the intervention of two short oviducts, into a 

 vagma situated between the two pulmonary sacs. This vagina is supported 

 by a horny plate, and opens externally through a transverse fissure, after 

 having previously received the excretory ducts of the two contiguous 

 Receptacula seminis. These last are pyriform and nearly always composed 

 of a deep-brown, horny substance ; they are attached to the cutaneous 

 envelope, and have, each, an equally horny excretory duct which is more 

 or less long and interlaced with the corresponding one on the other side.'"' 

 The females .surround their eggs in groups, with a web, so that they have 

 no organs for secreting a viscid substance. 



The Epeiridae oiFer a remarkable modification in their external genital 

 organs. The entrance to their vagina is covered by a horny process, 

 directed from before backwards, and at the base of which there are pyri- 

 form, pedunculated, seminal reservoirs.'"' It is yet undetermined whether 

 this process is connected with the act of copulation, or with the deposition 

 of the eggs. 



The Scorpionidae have three ovaries consisting of as many longitudinal 

 tubes united by four pairs of transverse ones. Tho two external of the 

 former tubes are continuous anteriorly as oviducts, and unite in a short 

 vagina which opens at the base of the abdomen. Before their junction, 

 the oviducts dilate into a round pouch, which, as it sometimes contains the 

 sperm, may be regarded as a Receptaculum seminis. '•^^ 



3 For example, Eylais, Limnochares, and Di- paid no attention to these organs. The seminal 



plodontus. receptacles are short and pyriform witli Lycosa, 



i See Johnston, Magaz. of Zool. I. p. 370 PI. Theridion, and Micryphantes ; but they have a 



XIII.; Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. d. Crust. PI. long excretory duct entwhied with its opposite, with 



\hl. fig. 7 ; and Philippi, in Wiegmann^s Drassus, Salticus, and Thomisus. 



Arch. 1843, I. p. 177, Taf. IX. Vfith Phoxichi- !■ This process is S-shaped with £;)ejrn rf/odema. 



iidium, the two oophores are only five articled. It has been described and figured by Leeuwen- 



•5 See Treviranus, Verm. Schrift. I. p. ?A, Taf. hoek, loc. cit. p. 336, fig. 8 ; Roesel, loc. cit. p. 



IV. fig. 20, 23 ; also Tulk, loc. cit. p. 318, PI. V. 253, Taf. XXXVII. fig. 3, b. and Taf. XXXVIII. 



lig. 26-29. fig. 1, .3 ; and by Degeer, loc. cit. p. 85, Ta£ 



« Treviranus (Bau d. Arachn. p. 37, Taf. IV. XII. fig. 10. See, also, Treviranus, Bau d. 



fig. 32) has figured very correctly the ovaries and Arachn. p. 39, Taf. II. fig. 18, c; and Savigny, 



iheir oviducts. He has even seen the Receptacula Descript. de I'Kgypte, loc. cit. PI. II. fig. 8 ^. With 



seminis, but he mistook them for cartilaginous iVe;//i(7a/a.9Cia«a, this process is tongue-shaped. 



boJi.-s (Ibid. p. 38, Taf. II. fig. 20, o. and Taf. IV. H The female organs of the Scorpionidae have 



lig. 40, 0. 41). The anatomists who succeeded him been described by Meckel (Beitr. loc. cit. p. 113, 



