<§.^ 333, 334. THE INSECTA. 415 



the species. These organs receive, each, directly from the superior cerebral 

 mass, a nerve ; these nerves perceive the slightest disturbances occurring in 

 the antennal teguments, which are solid and often provided with hairs and 

 bristles. With those Insecta with which these organs are very long, fili- 

 form, and movable in various directions, they serve, like the vibrissae of 

 many mammalia, to announce the presence of external bodies. With very 

 many other Insecta, they are very movable, and are distinctly used as tac- 

 tile organs, like the fingers of the human hand.® It is also by means of 

 these organs, that insects perceive the various conditions of the atmos- 

 phere, especially the temperature, and thereby regulate their move- 

 ments and actions. 



With those Insecta whereof the parts of the mouth are changed into 

 organs of suction, it is quite evident that the extremity of the snout or pro- 

 boscis is the seat of a very delicate sense of touch. Also with those female 

 insects having an ovipositor, which is used to deposit their eggs in holes 

 of various depth, the apex of this organ must be endowed with the same 

 power. Finally, this sense must be ascribed to the extremities of the legs 

 of many Insecta, which, in either their larval or in their perfect state, use 

 these organs for the performance of labors of a special nature.*'*' With the 

 Poduridae, there is, upon the ventral surface of the first abdominal seg- 

 ment, a singular organ which is soft, protractile, bifurcated or bi-lobed, and 

 probably of a tactile nature.^'' 



§ 333. 



Undoubtedly the sense of taste, with Insecta, is seated in the tongue, 

 when this organ is present. The tongue, of a soft consistence, is particu- 

 larly developed with the Carabidae, Locustidae, Acrididae, Libellulidae, 

 and Vespidae, which are all mandibulated ; and with the Apidae, and Mus- 

 cidae, which lick up their food. With the suctorial Insecta, the tongue is 

 either wanting, or changed into a horny bristle ; — a transformation met 

 with, also, in certain species having masticatory organs. 



§ 834. 



The organs of Olfaction with Insecta, have not yet been satisfactorily 

 determined, although most of these animals by their aid, can perceive in a 

 most wonderful manner, the food proper either for themselves or their 

 young. The various hypotheses upon this subject are unsatisfactory, and 

 especially those by which this sense is located in the hard and dry parts 

 of the body, which are quite unfit to recognize odoriferous substances.'^* 



3 This may be especially observed with the cherch. &c. p. 42, PI. in. fig. 5, 19-22. I am not de- 

 Hymenoptera. termined whether or not should be placed in the same 



4 As such I recollect only the Ateuchidae and category the soft protractik' organs, often of a beau- 

 Rhynchites among the Coleoptera, the fossorial tiful red or orange color, possessed by Malachius 

 Hymeuoptera, and the larvae of the Phryganidae on the lateral portions of the body, by SCenus at 

 among the Neuroptera. the extremity of the abdomen, and by the larvae of 



5 With Smynthurus, these organs consist of two various Lipidoptera (Papilio machaon and pnda- 

 long contractile cylinders ; see Degeer, Abhandl. lirius. Harpy ia vinula, &c.) on the neck or back.* 

 &c. VII. p. 20, Taf. III. fig. 10, and Nicolet, Re- 1 According to Rosenthal (^ReWs Arch. X. p. 



* [ § 332, note 5.] See upon the protractile, with Papilio asterias ; I regard them as odorifer- 



tentacular organs of the larvae of the Papiliones, ous and defensive, rather than tactile organs. — 



Karsten {Muller^s Arch. 1848, p. 375). I have Ed. 

 carefully and microscopically examined these organs 



