72 BREAKING AND TRAINING 



mits without any display of nervousness. Before 

 removing the twitch, you should lead the horse with 

 the rider on his back, thus training him to the burden 

 he will have to carry. Resistance having been over- 

 come, proceed to circle the horse with the long reins 

 at the walk, the rider steadying himself by twisting 

 some of the hairs of the mane around his fingers. 



The next step will be to take the animal at a trot, 

 circling and turning him in the same fashion as before. 



If your progress with the animal has been so far 

 satisfactory, the long reins may be removed and 

 replaced by short ones, the rider now acting 

 independently with his legs and the reins, taking care, 

 however, not to provoke the pupil to resist these 

 " aids." All the while the reins should be held short, 

 so that in the event of the horse's displaying any 

 unruliness, the rider may be able, instantly, to regu- 

 late him, not only by means of the pressure of his legs 

 on the side of the bolt, but also by his hold on the 

 reins. 



At this point of his education the pupil must be 

 taught to turn easily on the forehand whilst at rest. 

 With this object the rider should incline his body 

 forward and to the right (or left, as the case may be), 



