1 8 Horses on Board Ship. 



most (exposed) deck. As it is considered to 

 be too weak to carry cargo, it is not 

 included in the registered tonnage of the 

 ship, and is therefore not looked upon as a 

 regular deck. The policy of excluding the 

 awning deck from tonnage computation, is 

 explained by the fact that the lower the 

 registered tonnage, the lighter will be the 

 dues. In cattle steamers, the awning deck 

 is usually called a shelter deck, or a shade 

 deck; the only difference between these two 

 kinds of decks being the amount of ventila- 

 tion provided by openings in the sides of 

 the respective ships, between these decks 

 and the deck immediately underneath them. 

 A shade deck affords more ventilation to the 

 deck it covers than a shelter deck, and is 

 therefore used in cattle ships which have to 



