Ho7^se-carrying Ships. 2 1 



encounter tropical weather, such as that met 

 with by steamers trading between South 

 America and England. The horses shown 

 in Fig. I are standing on a spar deck 

 which is covered by a shade deck, as we 

 may see by the presence of openings above 

 the heads of the animals. Almost all the 

 big Atlantic lines have three-deckers fur- 

 nished with a shelter deck for the cattle 

 trade. 



As a rule, cattle steamers are the best for 

 the conveyance of large numbers of horses, 

 because they generally have large ports 

 on the spar or main deck (Figs. 3 and 4), 

 according as the steamer is a spar-decker 

 or three-decker. The presence of these 

 ports will naturally promote good ventilation 

 (p. 37 et seq.), which is one of the most 



