Horse-cai'rying Ships. 27 



heavy seas ; for If she begins to do this, the 

 hatches (of the spar deck, for instance) will 

 have to be put on, and the horses which 

 are thus deprived of fresh air will be rapidly- 

 suffocated. Also, if any horses are on the 

 exposed deck, they will be liable to be 

 washed overboard. 



A steamer taking a full complement of 

 horses, would naturally be more unsteady 

 than a carefully loaded cargo boat ; because 

 the greater part of her weight would be 

 below the lower deck. Thus, a ship of, say, 

 3,000 tons gross, taking horses for a voyage 

 of a month's duration, would probably have 

 in her hold at the time of sailing, 1,000 tons 

 of water and 2,000 tons of coal and fodder. 



For purposes of stability and for the com- 

 fortable carriage of horses, a steamer should 



