1,^ Horses on Board Ship, 



on a voyage into the tropics. On board 

 ship, the removal of foul air has to be more 

 rapid as a rule than on land ; because at sea, 

 the injurious emanations from the excreta and 

 bodies of the horses are supplemented by 

 those from the cargo, and mucking-out is 

 more difficult than on land. As the sides 

 of a steamer are of iron, and are unprotected 

 by the shade of trees, etc. ; a ship as a rule 

 is a much hotter abode than an ordinary 

 stable in the same latitude, and consequently 

 it requires better ventilation. Also, in the 

 case of a large number of horses, economy 

 of space has to be practised far more at 

 sea than on land. These considerations point 

 to the necessity of obtaining the freest pos- 

 sible ventilation on board ships which have 

 to encounter hot weather. This of course 



