48 Horses on Board Ship. 



the horses which occupy these stalls, during 



hot weather. Also, these pipes often leak. 



A steam ventilator or an electric ventilator 



usually consists of a vertical iron tube, inside 



the upper end of which there is a fan that 



can be employed for promoting either an 



ascending or a descending current of air ; the 



former being, as a rule, much the better, 



ventilating method. The tube, which is 



from 20 to 36 inches in diameter, projects 



above the exposed deck, through which it 



passes, and extends in a vertical direction 



below. At its full length, it passes through 



the lowest deck but one, and can then be 



used to ventilate the lowest deck. By 

 shortening this tube, we can make it venti- 



late any deck above the lowest deck, and 



below he exposed deck. These exhaust fans 



