Ar7'angement of Horses on Board Ship, 103 



occupied by these animals. In a spar-deck 

 ship, these two decks will be the spar deck and 

 the main deck ; and in a three deck ship, the 

 main deck and the upper 'tween deck. Except 

 when there is a fair probability of bad weather 

 being encountered, as during winter in the Bay 

 of Biscay, horses can be carried on a shade or 

 shelter deck, in which case there might be 

 three decks occupied by stalls. It is a great 

 advantage to be able to utilise, either wholly 

 or in part, a shade or shelter deck as a hos- 

 pital or convalescent home for sick animals, 

 which can generally be brought up from below. 

 If the exposed deck is unprovided with stalls, 

 the horses should, as far as practicable, be tied 

 up with their heads to windward, so that an 

 undue proportion of weight may not be put on 

 their fore feet, which are much more liable to 



