io8 The Grooni s Guide 



For this purpose an ' extractor ' Is made, 

 and should be obtainable through any 

 shoeing-smith, the cost of which ought 

 not to exceed eighteenpence. These cogs 

 are equally suitable for any class of 

 horses and are sold in the followino- sizes : 



o 



\ inch - • - for small ponies. 



5 

 16 " " ~ " " " 



■| „ ■ - - - „ hacks, roadsters (light) 



and cab horses. 



^^ „ - - - ,, vanners, omnibus and 



brougham horses. 



^ ,, - - - „ cart and other heavy 



horses. 



Steel frost ' screw ' cogs, though less 

 liable to drop out, are more trouble to ad- 

 just, but are preferred by many. 



' Frost ' or ' ice ' nails are very simj^le, 

 but do not last very long. A couple of 

 nails are generally taken out of each side of 

 the shoe and chisel headed nails Inserted into 

 the holes. The toe and heel calks (outer) are 

 sometimes sharpened to prevent slipping. 



