MARINE ZOOLOGY 



height, pinnately branched, stout, and with 

 calycles lateral and opposite, to alternate. 

 They are ovately tubular and bent slightly 

 outwards. The capsules are oval and 

 wrinkled. Common upon scallop s'lells, 

 etc., from moderately deep water. Hast- 

 ings. 



43. Sertularia argentea, Ellis and Solander. 

 Stems of considerable length, gyratory, 



giving off around the axis short branches in 

 a palmate manner. Calycles sub-opposite ; 

 apertures sharply pointed. Capsules shield- 

 shaped. From moderate to deep water ; 

 not uncommon. Hastings. 



44. Sertularia cupressina, Linnaeus. 



Stems very long, branches short and 

 palmate, the zoophyte as a whole tapering 

 to a point in a somewhat snake-like manner. 

 The calycles are sub-opposite, diverge very 

 little from the stem and have sharply- 

 pointed margins. Capsules narrowly shield- 

 shaped. Hastings specimens are rather 

 inferior in size and condition. Common 

 from moderate to deep water. Hastings. 



45. Hydrallmania falcata, Linnaeus. 

 Stems long and gyratory, giving off 



around the axis pinnate branches. The 

 calycles are ovately tubular, borne crowded 

 upon the upper sides of the branches, and 

 almost in the same straight line. Their 

 apertures are turned alternately to the right 

 and left. Capsules ovate ; very common 

 from the coralline zone. Hastings. 



Plumulariid^ 



46. Antennularia antennina, Linnaeus. 

 Stems simple, long and straight, from 



which are given off radiately at frequent 

 nodes along the axis, short delicate sprays of 

 equal length. The calycles which are cup- 

 like are borne in a single line upon the 

 upper sides of these sprays, and with them 

 are associated the peculiar organs called 

 nematophores. The capsules are ovate. 

 Hincks gives 8 or 10 inches as the height 

 of this species, but the writer has obtained 

 it 18 inches in length from the Diamond 

 Ground, where it is common. This 

 zoophyte is much frequented by the 

 Nudibranch molluscs Doto coronata and D. 

 pinnatifida, which attach their egg-bands to 

 its stem. Hastings. 



47. Antennularia ramosa, Lamarck. 



The most striking feature of this species 

 is that it branches and rebranches. The 

 stem is compound, a cross-section of it 



showing a large central tube with many 

 minor ones, varying in size and overlying 

 one another, running parallel with it, the 

 whole being welded together. The tubes 

 communicate one with the other, thus 

 indicating the continuity of the coenosarc. 

 The calycles and nematophores closely 

 resemble those of the last species, as do also 

 the capsules, but the latter taper towards 

 the base and are curved. Common upon 

 scallops and rock from the Diamond 

 Ground. Hastings. 



48. Aglaophenia pluma, Linnasus. 



This species envelops the stem of 

 Halidrys siliquosa in a loose stolonic mesh, 

 giving off beautiful plume-like branches 

 with irregularly toothed calycles arranged 

 in single line upon the upper surfaces of the 

 pinnae. Associated with the calycles are 

 three nematophores, two lateral and one 

 median. The capsules are ribbed, the ribs 

 being armed with nematophores. Plentiful 

 upon the beach, after rough weather. 

 Hastings. 



49. Plumularia pinnata, Linnasus. 



A very delicate and beautiful species 

 growing in tufts of plume-like stems. The 

 calycles are shallow and cup-like, and 

 arranged singly upon the upper sides of the 

 pinnse. There are two nematophores, one 

 above and one below each calycle, and one 

 generally situated in the axils of the pinnae. 

 The gonophores are conspicuously and 

 closely set upon each side of the stem. 

 Hincks observes that the calycles are only 

 separated by a single joint. This does not 

 always appear to hold good with Hastings 

 shore forms, in which there are sometimes 

 two joints. The form from deeper water 

 is much larger but not of frequent occur- 

 rence at Hastings, where the shore form is 

 always in profusion on rocks, stones, shells, 

 sponges, etc., at low water. Hastings. 



50. Plumularia setacea, Ellis. 



A most delicate species, almost escaping 

 detection. Readily distinguished from P. 

 pinnata by the long drawn out, narrow- 

 necked capsules, when present, or by the 

 difference in the character and number of 

 the nematophores. Taken upon Antennu- 

 laria from deep water ; rare. Hastings. 



51. Plumularia obliqua, Saunders.* 



Hastings. 



52. Plumularia similis, Hincks.* 



Hastings. 



