MARINE ZOOLOGY 



in common. The writer has observed 

 nearly the same phenomenon, and in a 

 specimen before him the union of two 

 ooecia is seen in different phases of com- 

 pleteness. The cause is evidently over- 

 crowding, the zocEcia in which it occurs 

 being extremely narrow. Associated with 

 the last species ; not uncommon. Hast- 

 ings. 



67. Smittia cheiloitoma^ Manzoni. 

 Occurring as light red patches upon old 



shells and stones. Zooecia coffin-shaped, 

 rather pointed below ; front wall perfor- 

 ated ; aperture raised, sub-circular, but with 

 a large sinus in the lower margin ; within 

 is seen a flat-topped process. As already 

 stated elsewhere, the immature zooecia of 

 this species resemble nearly the zooecia of 

 Lepralia pertuia. Common from deep 

 water. Hastings. 



68. Smittia trispinoia, Johnston. 

 Forming large bufF-coloured patches upon 



old shells, stones, etc. Aperture raised, 

 sharp, with a sinus in the lower lip, and in 

 some cases four spines above. Below the 

 aperture on one side, and pointing towards 

 it, is an avicularium ; and around the margin 

 of the zocecium are a series of pits or per- 

 forations. From moderate to deep water ; 

 very common. Hastings. 



69. Phylactella lahrosa, Busk. 



Upon shells. Zooecia ovate, short, per- 

 forated, and arranged in single divergent 

 lines. The aperture is round, raised and 

 expanded, and shows a small denticle with- 

 in. From deep water ; somewhat rare. 

 Hastings. 



70. Phylactella collaris, Norman. 

 Colonies more compact than in the last 



species. The front wall is plain, and there 

 is no denticle upon the lower lip of the 

 aperture, which is sometimes slightly 

 pointed. Upon old shells. From moderate 

 to deep water ; not very common. Hast- 

 ings. 



71. Mucronella peachii, Johnston. 

 Encrusting dead shells, stones, etc. 



Zooecia ovate to lozenge-shaped ; aperture 

 round, with six spines around the upper 

 margin ; upon the lower lip, within, is a 

 double-pointed denticle, and upon the outer 

 lip a small conical tooth. The area below 

 the aperture is rather swollen. Common 

 from moderate to deep water. Hastings. 



72. Mucronella ventricosa, Hassall. 



This species much resembles the last, 

 but comparison, by the aid of a handglass 

 only, will show colonies to be of coarser 

 grain, or composed of larger zooecia. These 

 are ventricose, the aperture has four instead 

 of two spines, and there is a tongue-like 

 process projecting from immediately below 

 the lower lip. Common upon shells from 

 deep water. Hastings. 



73. Mucronella variolosa, Johnston. 

 Colonies encrusting dead shells. When 



in good condition they have a strong violet 

 lustre. The zooecia are coffin-shaped and 

 pitted around the margin ; aperture, round 

 to subquadrate, with two long spines upon 

 the upper rim, and a small process or tooth 

 upon the lower one ; behind which is seen 

 a flat-topped process. Common from 

 moderate to deep water. Hastings. 



74. Mucronella coccinea. 



A very handsome species of a violet 

 lustre. The zooecia are rather short, wide, 

 and with marbled markings. The aperture 

 in marginal zooecia is circular, with six 

 spines upon the upper rim and a pointed 

 process upon the lower lip. Upon both 

 the right and left side of the aperture is a 

 formidable-looking avicularium, one of them 

 sometimes being very large. Not un- 

 common upon rock and other objects from 

 deep water. Hastings. 



Mucronella coccinea var. mammilatay 

 answering exactly to Hincks' description, 

 occurs also at Hastings. Upon shell of 

 Pectunculus glycymeris. 



7 5 . Palmicellaria sienei, Ellis and Solander.* 

 Hastings. 



CELLEPORIDiS 



76. Cellepora pumicosa, Linnxus. 



This species by successive layers of 

 zooecia forms rounded masses of a few 

 inches in diameter, upon scallop and other 

 shells. The zooecia are oval, upright, with 

 circular aperture, and a long, pointed ros- 

 trum arising from beneath it, and carrying 

 a small avicularium. Common from deep 

 water. Hastings. 



77. Cellepora avicularis, Hincks.* 

 Hastings. 



78. Cellepora costazii, Audouin.* 

 Hastings. 



Cellepora costazii vat. tubulosa, Hincks.* 

 Hastings. 



91 



