TRAINING, AND GENERAL MANAGEMEN T. I I 5 



which is a horny substance that binds the whole foot 

 together as it were, and sustains the entire weight of 

 the horse. At the bottom of the wall is a concave 

 sole, which is also horny, and not susceptible to the 

 sense of touch, but immediately above this is the 

 sensitive sole. In the horny sole is situated the frog, 

 immediately dividing the two heels, and running in a 

 point towards the toe. Inside of this again is the 

 sensitive frog. 



In the fore feet, the thickest and strongest portion 

 of horn is placed m front. The quarters, so called, are 

 the lateral parts or walls of the crust, and as in the 

 fore feet the front portion of each hoof is the thickest, 

 so in the hijid ones the sides are by far the strongest. 

 Thus the fore shoes should be principally fastened in 

 front, and the hind ones towards the quarters. 



The inner side of the hoof is the weakest, and rather 

 the highest. This natural formation is not generally 

 attended to by smiths, for as this quarter is weaker 

 than the other, so it always wears faster, which ought 

 to be remedied by general care, and also by particular 

 management in shoeing, instead of which the outer heel 

 may frequently be, and generally is the highest before 

 and behind, which, as it exactly reverses the natural 

 line of pressure, produces an undue bearing on the 

 weaker part, and 'proves a fruitful source of splints, 

 curbs, spavins, contractions, and navicular disease. 



If I had anything to do with the legislation of this 



