28 N. H. AGR. EXPERIMENT STATION. [Bulletin 157 



those of New York/ Illinois- and New Hampshire, but a complete 

 solution of the problem has not been found. 



Much trouble may arise from the use of improper mixtures 

 and from unsatisfactory methods of application. Only good 

 material should be used, and the following of the directions for 

 making the solution is important. The foliage must be thoroly 

 covered, but dripping from the leaves indicates an excessive or 

 careless application. The nozzles should be of a kind adapted to 

 give a very fine spray. Nozzles that give good results with 

 insecticides may be entirely unsuited for Bordeaux. The Mistry 

 and Friend's nozzles have given good results. The liquid should 

 be applied to the tree as a fine mist and never allowed to sprinkle 

 or drip from the nozzles. Mistakes are often made by trying to 

 spray \vith insufficient power. A pressure of 70 pounds is essen- 

 tial, and one of 100 pounds or over is very desirable. 



In looking for a solution of the problem various kinds and 

 strengths of Bordeaux have been tested. While weaker solu- 

 tions may produce less injury, they do not obviate the trouble. 

 The use of an excess of lime has had little or no effect upon the 

 amount of injury. The 3-3-50 formula seems to produce as 

 little injury as any, and is most satisfactory for the majority of 

 apple diseases. The patent Bordeauxs which are on the market 

 have not been shown to be any less liable to produce injury than 

 the home-made mixtures, amd many of them have proven quite 

 inefficient in controlling diseases. 



During recent years lime-sulfur solutions have been rapidly 

 gaining favor as fungicides. They seem to be almost as effective 

 as Bordeaux in controlling diseases and to be less likely to cause 

 injury. In the summer of 1909 commercial, home-made and 

 self-boiled lime-sulfur were used alongside patent and home- 

 made Bordeaux in the orchards mentioned in the discussion of 

 apple scab. None of the sulfur mixtures caused injury, while 

 none of the Bordeauxs failed to do so. Recent experiments in 

 other states have shown that when sprayings are followed by 

 excessively hot dry weather the lime-sulfur is more likely to 

 cause injury than Bordeaux. Probably the strongest argument 

 against the use of lime-sulfur in New England is that it is very 

 soluble in water and in rainy seasons more frequent applications 

 are likely to be required to secure the same efficiency as obtained 

 with Bordeaux. 



'Hedriok, N. P. Bordeaux Injury. N. Y. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 287. 1907. 

 iCraadall, C. S. Bordeaux Mixture. 111. Agr. Exp Sta. Bull. 13.5. 1909. 



