April, 1912.] SOME APPLE DISEASES TREATMENT. 29 



FUNGICIDES. 



Bordeaux. No other fungicide is so widely used as Bordeaux 

 and no other has been proven so efficient in controlling diseases. 

 It is prepared by combining solutions of copper sulfate or blue- 

 stone and lime. The solution most satisfactory for use in the 

 apple orchard consists of: 



Copper sulfate, 3 lbs. 



Stone lime, 3 lbs. 



Water, 50 gals. 



This is known as the 3-3-50 formula. In a 3-4-50 formula, 3 

 pounds of copper sulfate and 4 pounds of lime are used to each 

 50 gallons of water. 



The copper sulfate can be readily dissolved in hot Avater. If 

 several hours are to intervene before it is needed for use, it is 

 conveniently dissolved by placing in a sack and suspending 

 in cold water in a barrel or other wooden vessel. As a matter 

 of convenience the number of gallons of water used should be 

 the same as the number of pounds of copper sulfate to be dis- 

 solved. 



The lime should be slowly slaked in another vessel. Hot water 

 insures a more complete slaking, but it is not essential. For the 

 sake of convenience the lime milk may be diluted so that it makes 

 as many gallons of solution as there were pounds of lime. A 

 gallon of either solution should now contain a pound of the sub- 

 stance dissolved. These strong solutions should not be poured 

 together, but should serve as stock solutions, and if properly 

 protected from evaporation may be kept for several weeks or even 

 the entire season. 



To make a barrel of 3-3-50 Bordeaux, three gallons of the stock 

 copper sulfate should be diluted to 25 gallons, and in another 

 vessel three gallons of the lime milk similarly diluted. The two 

 solutions may now be poured together, stirring constantly. If 

 more convenient all of the dilution may be made with the lime 

 and the strong copper sulfate solution then added to the 

 extremely dilute lime. It is essential, however, that the solu- 

 tions be diluted before they are combined. The resulting 

 solution should have a large excess of lime, but if there is any 

 question as to the purity of the lime, or, if a safeguard against 

 mistakes is desired, the mixture should be tested for excess 



