ELEMENTS OF STRUCTURE. 



91 



56. 



The question now arises, whether in the two processes of segmentation 

 of animal cells just described, the entire act of 

 multiplication of the elementary parts in question 

 is contained, or whether the cell may not produce 

 similar elements in other ways. 



A kind of gemmation has been observed on the 

 nuclei of both normal and pathological cells. This 

 was found years ago, by Koelliker, to take place in the 

 large colourless cells of the spleen of young mammals 

 (fig. 90). In these, from three to five or more nuclei may be recognised 

 clinging together, displaying a peculiar modification of the process of 



4. 3 2 



Fig. 90. Colourless blood- 

 cells from the spleen of a 

 kitten. 



Fig. 91. Supposed formation of pus-cor- 

 puscles in the interior of epithelial cells, 

 from the human and mammalian body. 

 a, simple columnar cell from the 

 human biliary duct; 6, another with 

 two pus-corpuscles; c, with 4, and J, 

 with many of the latter; &, the latter 

 isolated; /, a ciliated cell from the 

 human respiratory apparatus, contain- 

 ing one pus-corpuscle ; and (g), a flat- 

 tened epithelial cell from the human 

 bladder, with a large number of the 

 same. 



Fig. 92. Psorospermia in the interior 

 of epithelial cells from the small intes- 

 tine of the rabbit. 1, Simple epithelial 

 cell ; 2 and 3, nuclear multiplication ; 

 4 and 5, columnar elements with single 

 psorospermia cells ; 6, with two ; 7, 

 with a large contained body ; 8, with 

 two, without the cell nucleus ; 9, divi- 

 sion of contained body; 10 and 11, 

 cells with perfect psorospermia (the 

 latter are marked by 6, the cell nuclei 

 by a). 



division in the nucleus. I have myself observed something similar in 

 modified columnar epithelium from the small intestine of the rabbit 

 (fig. 92, 3). 



Gemmation, as a mode of multiplication of whole cells, has not yet been 

 met with in the human body or that of the higher animals. 



Of late years another remarkable process, apparently of cell formation, 

 has been observed, in which the proto-plasm of the original cell becomes 

 transformed into one or more new cells, possessing completely different 

 characters from the cell-body from which theyhave had their origin. 



It is thus that pus-corpuscles are supposed to be produced in the interior 

 of different epithelial cells of the human body under inflammatory condi- 

 tions (Remalc, Buhl, Eberth, and others). 



Fig. 91 will give some idea of the case in point. Here we have ordi- 

 nary columnar cells (a) containing two (b) or four (c) pus-corpuscles, the 

 regular nuclei remaining visible. Such cells may also be encountered in- 



