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MANUAL OF HISTOLOGY 



or are the transformed outer portion of the latter, is not yet capable of 

 solution, in the present state of our knowledge. "We are inclined, how- 

 ever, with others, to give the preference to the latter view. 



REMARKS. 1. There are, besides, instances in which this origin of the intercellular 

 matter may be recognised without any trouble. As Remak has very correctly shown, 

 the xiphoid process of the rabbit affords a suitable object. Here the cells may be 

 seen surrounded by broad halos. 2. Remak may, to a certain extent, be numbered 

 among these. The observations oiHeidenhain also are of importance. He succeeded, 

 with the help of warm, water, and the action of potash with nitric acid, in resolving 

 the structure of the apparently homogeneous intercellular substance of frog's cartil- 

 age. I myself have arrived at the same result on repeating the experiment. 



105. 



The segmentation of its cells, or, as the usual expression is, endogeneous 

 cell-formation (fig. 163), is no less characteristic of cartilage. This pro- 

 cess has already been described in 55 : we refer the reader to what 

 was there stated. We mentioned there also that all the phases of this 

 process of segmentation had not yet been placed beyond doubt by obser- 

 vation. Thus we still require satisfactory proofs of stages 2, 3, 5, and 6, 

 which have not yet been observed, owing perhaps to the rapidity of the 

 process. 



As we have already seen, two (7), four (8), or indeed whole generations 

 of so-called daughter-cells (9), may lie in the interior of a capsule. In the 



costal cartilages of elderly indi- 

 viduals, we have the best oppor- 

 tunity of observing these latter 

 very much enlarged, and con- 

 stituting the so-called mother 

 or parent 'cells : they may at- 

 tain a diameter of from ! 113 

 to 0-226 mm. These again 

 may enclose whole swarms of 

 daughter -eel Is. The forma- 

 tion of laminated envelopes 

 may then take place subse- 

 quently on the daughter-cells 

 which have sprung up within 

 the original capsule (8, 9), and 

 these may appear in course of 

 time to lie free- in the tissue, 

 (after that the parent capsule 

 has become fused with the 

 ground-substance) undergoing 

 probably later on the same 

 process of segmentation over 

 again. Thus the cartilage be- 

 comes very rich in cells, showing the important part endogenous multipli- 

 cation plays in the formation of the latter tissue. 



This explains the tact that growing cartilages, in which no kind of 

 regeneration of cells can be discovered, nevertheless acquire gradually a great 

 number of cartilage elements. And, in fact, on searching through cartilage 

 tissue, we frequently meet with spots where the cells still appear as 

 though jammed against one another, and flattened at the point of contact 



Fijr. 163. Cartilage-cells engaged in the act of segmenta- 

 tion (so-called endogenous multiplication), a, body of 

 the cell; b, capsule; c. nucleus; d, endogenous cells ; e, 

 subsequent formation of capsules on the exterior of the 

 latter; g, external portion of the capsule, which fuses 

 Avith ground-substance of the cartilage. Diagrammatic. 



