120 THE HOG. 



the animal betrays symptoms of thirst, there is dulness, loss of ap 

 petite, and grinding of the teeth. As the malady progresses the 

 patient becomes inert, deaf, insensible to blows, lies-down constantly, 

 and totters and falls if compelled to rise ; the flanks heave, the mouth 

 is hot and full of slaver, the tongue red and inflamed, the lower jaw 

 convulsed, and the conjunctiva injected ; the animal utters plaintive 

 moans, and if not speedily relieved dies of suffocation, from the 

 "effects of the pressure of the tumor upon the air-passages. 



D'Arboval attributes this disease to the irritation caused in some 

 of the cutical tissues by the abnormal growth of the tuft of hair, 

 which, uniting with some internal sympathetic irritation induced by 

 heating food, damp litter, hot ill-ventilated styes, or such like preju- 

 dicial influences, acts locally and determines this disease of the 

 glands. Other French writers believe it to be epizootic and to arise 

 from certain miasmatic influences. 



Tonics, acidulated drinks, warmth, cleanliness, strict attention to 

 diet, and the application of actual cautery to the root of the evil 

 the tuft of hair is the treatment prescribed. 



THE CHEST OR THORAX. 



In the human being this constitutes the superior, and in quadru 

 peds the anterior portion of the body ; it is separated from the 

 abdomen by the diaphragm. This latter is of a musculo-membra- 

 nous nature, and is the main agent in respiration ; in its quiescent 

 state it presents its convex surface towards the thorax, and its con- 

 cavity towards the abdomen. The anterior convexity abuts upon 

 the lungs, the posterior concavity is occupied by a portion of the 

 abdominal viscera. The diaphragm of the pig resembles that of the 

 ox and sheep. 



The chest is divided into two cavities by a membrane termed the 

 mediastinum, which evidently consists of a duplicate of the pleura 

 or lining membrane of the thorax. The pleura is a serous membrane 

 possessed of little or no sensibility, and acted upon by but few 

 nerves. It it smooth and polished ; covers the bony wall of the 

 thorax from the spine to the sternum, and from the first rib to the 

 diaphragm, and dilating and forming a kind of bag which spreads 

 over and contains the whole of the lung. 



The lungs form two distinct bodies, the right being somewhat larger 

 than the left one ; they are separated from each other by that folding 

 over of the pleura termed the mediastinum, and hence may be said 

 to be inclosed in separate bags, or to have distinct pleuras. Each 

 lung is subdivided. The right one consists of three unequal lobes, 

 the smallest of which is again subdivided into numerous lobules, 

 differing in number in different swine. The left lung consists of two 

 lobes, and the scissure between these is not very deep. 



