ANATOMY OF THE STOMACH. 127 



CHAPTER VIII. 



Anatomy of the Stomach Gullet Intestines Duodenum Jejunum Ileum Ccecum and 

 Colon : Diseases to which these parts are liable Enteritis Colic Diarrhcea Garget of the 

 Maw Anatomy of the Liver and Spleen : Splenitis Rupture of the Spleen Absorption of 

 the Spleen Peritoneum Worms The Bladder and its diseases Protruion of the Rectum. 



THE GULLET. 



THE gullet, or oesophagus, is a musculo-membranous tube, com- 

 mencing at the pharynx, passing down the throat on the left side of 

 the windpipe, entering the chest in company with that tube, pene- 

 trating through the folds of the diaphragm, and terminating in the 

 stomach through an orifice termed the cardia. 



THE STOMACH. 



The stomach of the hog is a much more simple apparatus than 

 that of the ox and sheep ; it is a truly omnivorous one, and beauti- 

 fully adapted by its pyramidal appendage and glandular structure, 

 as well as by the villous mucous membrane with which it is lined, 

 for the digestion of the heterogeneous food which it is destined to 

 receive, being, perhaps, more analogous to that of the horse than to 

 any other animal. In form it is globulous. Its large blind cavity 

 is very voluminous, and is surmounted in front by a hood-like ap- 

 pendage. The narrow long portion which abuts on the pylorus, 

 greatly resembles this hood-shaped appendage. On each side of 

 the cardia are two transversal folds, and the cardia itself is half way 

 between the pylorus and the large cavity. 



The stomach has three coats, the outermost, or peritoneum, which 

 constitutes the common covering of all the intestines ; the muscular 

 or fibrous coat, which acts upon, and mingles the food, and prepares 

 it for digestion ; and the mucous or villous coat, which is peculiarly 

 developed in the pig, and into which open the mouths of numerous 

 little vessels, conveying the gastric juice to the semi-digested food, 

 and by its action conveying it into a pultaceous fluid, commonly 

 ^lled chyme. 



THE INTESTINES. 







The intestines of the hog bear a stronger resemblance to those of 

 the human being than we find in anv other animal. They are six- 

 teen times the length of the body of the animal, and the proportions 

 of the small intestines to the large, are as three to one. They are 

 composed of four coats or layers. The outer or peritoneal cue is 



