FRUIT-TREES AND GRASS. 45 



and care are required in their cultivation. Their 

 chief advantages consist in the fact that they bear 

 early and take but little space. Therefore they 

 may be^onsidered worthy of attention by the 

 purchasers of small places. Those who are dis- 

 posed to make pets of their trees and to indulge 

 in horticultural experiments may derive much pleas- 

 ure from these dwarfs, for they can be developed 

 into symmetrical pyramids or graceful, fruitful 

 shrubs within the limits of a garden border. 



When the seeds of ordinary apples and pears 

 are sown they produce seedlings, or free stocks, 

 and upon these are budded or grafted the fine 

 varieties which compose our orchards. They are 

 known as standard trees ; they come into bearing 

 more slowly, and eventually attain the normal size 

 familiar to us all. Standard cherries are worked 

 on seedlings of the Mazzard, which Barry describes 

 as a " lofty, rapid-growing, pyramidal-headed tree." 

 I should advise the reader to indulge in the dwarfs 

 very charily, and chiefly as a source of fairly profit- 

 able amusement. It is to the standards that he 

 will look for shade, beauty, and abundance of 

 fruit. 



Since we have been dwelling on the apple, pear, 

 and cherry, there are certain advantages of con- 

 tinuing the subject in the same connection, giving 

 the principles of cultivation and care until the 



