90 HOME FRUIT GROWER 



Hellebore. A whitish powder made from the roots of the plant. 

 Must be fresh and kept in a tight receptacle as it quickly loses strength. 

 Not poisonous to human beings. May be used shortly before fruit 

 ripens. Usually applied dry while the plants are moist with lime dust, 

 sifted coal ashes or cheap flour at the rate of one to three parts, or some- 

 times steeped in warm water, one ounce to the quart, and diluted with 

 another quart when cold. 



Paris Green. Hard to keep suspended in water, likely to burn 

 foliage unless lime is added to the mixture. Rate, four ounces to 

 one pound of quicklime and 50 gallons of water. 



CONTACT SPRAYS FOR SUCKING AND SOFT-BODIED INSECTS 



Tobacco Sulphate, Black Leaf 40, Nicofume, preparations of 

 waste tobacco, specially recommended for plant lice or aphis. 



Soaps. Laundry soap, one pound to five or six gallons of water, 

 and soft soap twice as strong, also used for aphis. Whale oil soap, 

 two pounds to one gallon of water in Winter and one to five or six 

 in Summer, is better, especially if made of potash instead of soda. 



Kerosene Emulsion. Dissolve one pound of laundry hard soap 

 in two gallons of hot water. When dissolved and while still hot pour 

 in four gallons of kerosene and churn the liquid with a paddle, or pref- 

 erably a small hand-spray pump, till the mixture is creamy and cool. 

 It will be semi-solid when cold and will keep indefinitely. This 

 quantity when diluted with 34 gallons of water will make a 10 per cent, 

 solution, useful for Summer work; when mixed with 14 gallons a 20 

 per cent, and with 10 gallons a 25 per cent, solution, useful while the 

 trees are dormant. 



Carbolic acid solution is made by dissolving one pound of hard 

 soap in one gallon of hot water and when fully liquified adding one 

 pint of crude carbolic acid, then churning as suggested for Kerosene 

 Emulsion. Before applying to foliage add 30 gallons of water. 



Lime-Sulphur Wash. Better buy it made because of the varying 

 strengths of the material. Be sure to know the strength of the one 

 bought and dilute accordingly. The dilution will range from one 

 gallon to five of water a very strong one used for San Jose scale 

 during Winter down to one to twelve, the comparatively weak mix- 

 ture used for blister mite of Pear. Lime-sulphur has also an im- 

 portant fungicidal action. 



Miscible oils, those oils that mix readily with water, are useful 

 only on dormant trees for killing scale and similar insects. They are 

 much less disagreeable than lime-sulphur to apply. They also have 

 a greater "spreading" power, thus being effective in a wider area. ...^ 



