VARIOUS SPECIES OF FRUITS 147 



spur and the shoots on the trunk at the lower wire pruned with a 

 new arm to the right and left along the wire with renewal spurs at 

 their bases. When the trunk becomes too old and stiff to bend down 

 easily, a shoot is brought up from the spur at the base of the trunk 

 and the following year the old trunk is cut off. 



"The growing shoots do not have the horizontal or drooping direc- 

 tions of most of our Grapes, but have a stocky, vertical growth. When 

 they have reached the top wire they are tied to it and the tips broken 

 off just above the wire. At the same time all secondary shoots which 

 have started at the bases of the leaves opposite or below the flower 

 clusters are broken out. The buds near the top wire will start a second 

 growth. When this gets four to eight inches the tops are cut off with a 

 grass sickle. In years of vigorous growth it may be necessary to 

 repeat this cutting back. 



"Winter covering is a minor item. As soon as the vines are 

 pruned three men start down the row. One bends the vine to the 

 ground while the others mound up the dirt three or four inches over 

 the bent trunk." 



EUROPEAN VARIETIES 



(Dates of ripening are for South Central California. Asterisks 

 indicate varieties suited to the area between South Carolina and 

 Texas the Northern limit being about the thirty-fifth parallel of 

 latitude as indicated in the discussion.) 

 ANGULATO. Clusters large, dense; berries large, bluish black, firm, juicy, 



sweet. August. 

 ASSOUAD ZEINE. Clusters loose; berries dark red, large, showy, excellent. 



August. 

 BLACK CORNICHON. The large to very large purple or dark red, fair 



quality berries are borne on medium to large, lo ng clusters during October. 

 BLACK HAMBURG (Frankenthal). Clusters large; berries large, black, 



juicy, sweet. Late September. Famous old European variety, con- 

 sidered standard of high quality by variety originators. 

 BLACK MONUKKA. Clusters large; berries uniformly small, black, excellent, 



seedless. Except in color closely resembles Sultanina. August. 

 BUCKLAND SWEET WATER. Clusters medium size, dense; berries yellow, 



medium. August. 

 *CHASSELAS DE FONTAINEBLEAU (White Sweet water). Clusters large; 



berries yellow, juicy, sweet. Late July. An old variety highly valued 



wherever European Grapes can be grown. 

 DATTIER DE BERGROUTH (Rosaki). Clusters large, loose; berries very 



large, amber, fleshy, juicy, sweet. August. Long keeping. 

 DROUKANE. Clusters very large, compact; berries red, firm, high quality. 



November. 

 *FEBER SZAGOS. The large clusters of very large, whitish-green, excellent 



quality berries ripen in September on vines of exceptional vigor. 



