VARIOUS SPECIES OF FRUITS 185 



to about three feet in height, the inferior ones being destroyed. 

 Sometimes the long canes are trained to trellises either erect (Fig. 122) 

 or bent over. The trellises may be either with one wire above the 

 other, the first at 18 to 24 inches from the ground, the upper at 30 to 36 

 inches, or with both wires at about 30 inches fastened to wooden cross- 

 pieces about 15 inches long and nailed on the tops of posts. 



In the first case the canes may be fastened erect to the two wires 

 and cut about six inches above the upper one, or they may be bent 

 over the upper one and fastened to the lower one without cutting. 

 In the second case they may be tied half to one wire and half to the 

 other or all to one. In the former of these cases the new canes are 

 allowed to grow without being fastened to either wire; in the latter they 

 are fastened to the wire that is not at the time supporting the fruiting 

 canes. The main advantages of trellising are that the canes do not 

 interfere with picking or cultivating and there is less likelihood of 

 breakage. 



As soon as a cane is done fruiting it should be cut out to favor 

 development of the young ones. By good care a home Raspberry 

 plantation should last six to ten years or even more. When the 

 plants begin to fail a new plantation should be started, the old one 

 being destroyed after the new one has begun to bear. 



Among promising new varieties not described below are Sunbeam, 

 Ohta and Empire, all reds. The following are already well known: 



BLACK VARIETIES 



BLACK DIAMOND. An early, large, firm, sweet, high-quality berry, borne 

 abundantly on strong, hardy canes. Highly prized for evaporating. 



CUMBERLAND. By many considered the finest of the black varieties because 

 of its mid-season, extra large, firm, sweet, high-quality berries and its 

 vigorous, hardy, stocky, prolific canes. 



FARMER (Plum Farmer). A strong growing, hardy and prolific, early, 

 short season variety, with large, meaty, firm, high-quality berries 

 which ripen a week or so earlier than Gregg. The New York Experi- 

 ment Station says it is "the best fruit of this type grown on the station 

 grounds." 



GAULT. A vigorous, hardy, black variety, which ripens its berries at 

 the same time as Gregg and later in the season produces more or less 

 fruit on the young growths. 



GREGG. For many years a leading black variety because of its great 

 prolificacy and the large size of its mid to late season firm, well-flavored 

 berries. 



KANSAS. One of the most widely planted of Black Raspberries because of 

 its strong, hardy, prolific canes and its jet-black, firm, sweet, excellent 

 flavored berries produced from early to mid-season. 



SCARFF. A seedling of Gregg said to be hardy, larger than Cumberland 

 and highly prolific. 



