IREN1C MOVEMENTS 117 



he had taken refuge in France, where he 

 was received with open arms. The cordial 

 attitude of the Catholic ecclesiastics sof- 

 tened the rigidity of his Protestantism. As 

 Hallam sa}s : " The ill usage he sustained 

 at the hands of those who boasted their 

 independence of Papal tyranny; the ca- 

 resses of the Gallican clergy after he had 

 fixed his residence at Paris ; the growing 

 dissensions and virulence of the Protes- 

 tants ; the choice that seemed alone to be 

 left in their communion between a fanati- 

 cal anarchy, disintegrating everything like 

 a church on the one hand, and a domina- 

 tion of bigoted and vulgar ecclesiastics on 

 the other, made him gradually less and 

 less averse to the comprehensive and ma- 

 jestic unity of the Catholic hierarchy, and 

 more and more willing to concede some 

 point of uncertain doctrine, or some form 

 of ambiguous expression." l By ampie quo- 

 tations from his epistles Hallam has proved 

 this defection of Grotius. But it was in 

 the interest of a large union. He thought 

 the Swedish, the English, and the Danish 

 churches might come together, under a re- 

 vived and reformed Catholic banner. He 



1 Lit. of Europe, ii. 397-398. 



