I.Ml'oi; IAN r M.IKS 



11:? 



sanitary ways than by Icax ing llu'in lo tlic hlow liics. Krlaird 

 to tlu'se, and of importance in tlie sontlicrn states, is tlie scrrw- 

 ANorni Hv (^Clirf/soinf/la innre.llnria')^ \\\\\r\\ on iposits (^ii wmmtls, 

 tlie ma^'^'ots tVedint]^ upon ]i\ ini;" tlesli. Tliese are tiie tlies tliai 

 sometimes lav their e^ws in nostrils oi' ears ol" children (tr ul' 

 people it asleep out ol doors in the daytinu', the nuiLCirnts 

 causing painful and e\i'n fatal wounds. 



'I'lie stable lly {Sfoinii.rif^ (ui/cifrtfn.s ). which has soiiicwhal 

 the ap[)earaiice of the hcaise fly, excejit thai it is pro\ ided w ilh 

 a strong', })iercino- beak, sucks the blood 

 of animals. This i\y is now con\ icied 

 of inoculatinii' the germs of infantile 

 paralysis with its bite. It also causes 

 ofreat sufferinsf to cattle, riie smaller 

 horn fly {H<t'm<itnlt'ni ffcrj-tfttf), imported 

 from Kuroi)e about LSSlI, is another 

 bloodthirsty pest of cattle, biting both 

 by inght and day. It may be recognized 

 by its habit of clnstei'ing in masses 

 around the bases of the horns of cattle, 

 and may be trapped by the method 

 reconunended foi" the stable t^y. 



The black tiies, deer tlies, sand tlies, 

 and the many botflies of horses, cattle, and sheep are all of 

 civic importance to the districts where ihey al)ouiHl. 1 he 

 black Hies of the genus Shutdiiini are now inidcr suspicion 

 as possible carriers of pellagra. They breed in running walci. 



Life history of the typhoid fly. In onler to discover bc>i 

 ways of attack, we nuist study natural eiuMnies trom every 

 point of view. The ease with which mos(piitoes have been 

 exterminated has suggested similar methods for dealing with 

 flies. But mos(piitoes breed only in stagmuit water, which is 

 easily drained, tilled, stocked with fishes, or oiled. Flies breed 

 in decaying tilth, chieflv in hors(^ manui-e. but can bree(l in any 



Fk;. 0(5. Stablt* Hit's tluU 

 a boy, witli an ins«*ct lU't. 

 cauirlit <in a cow in ninMJav 



