156 CIVIC BIOLOGY 



scale insects (oyster-sliell scale — M//ti!(is/)/s jioinoriu)! ; scurfy scale — ■ 

 Chionaspif! furfuriiSj San Jos6 scale, Chinese pernicious scale — Aspi//i- 

 otus perniclosus, the worst fruit-tree pest on the American continent; 

 cottony cushion scale — Icerr/a purchasi); apple-tree enemies (yellow- 

 necked apple-tree caterpillar — 'DaUina viinistra; red-humped apple-tree 

 caterpillar — Q^demasia concinna ; apple sphinx, or hawk moth — Sj)hinx 

 f/ordius ; apple maggot, " railroad worm " — Rharjoletls pomonella^ ; enemies 

 of small fruits (strawberry crown borer, weevil — T//loderma Jragrarke ; 

 strawl)erry root borer — Anarsia Vmeatella; currant borer, American — 

 Psenoceriis supernoiatas; currant borer, imported — yEr/cria tipniifonitis; 

 grapevine root beetle — Prionus laticoUis ; grape-berry moth — PolijcJirosia 

 hotranci] grape, gartered plume moth — Oxi/ptilus periscelidacfijlus] rose 

 chafer — Mdcrodariylus suhsplnosus); plant lice (ajdiids, gra[)e — Plujl- 

 loxera vastulrir ; woolly apple louse - — Scliizoneura laniyera : cherry louse 



— Mt/zus cerasiy 



Vegetable, Grain, and Cotton Pests : Colorado potato beetle — 

 Doriiphorn lOdlneata ; striped cucumber beetle — Diahrotica vittata ; as- 

 paragus beetle — Crioceris aspara</i ; J une beetle (May bug in the South) 



— LachnoMerna fnsca and others ; flea beetles — Ilalticitii ; l)lister or oil 

 beetles — Meloidrr,', cutworms — Xoctuidce (larvre of a number of owlet 

 moths or noctuids) ; sphinx moths (tobacco, South — PJdegethotitius sexta: 

 tomato — Pld( (iftliontlus quinqnemacidata) ; cabbage worm, imported — 

 Ponilarap(v\ cabbage looper — Auiograplter hrassic(e\ cabbage and rad- 

 ish maggot — Pegomyia hrasaicce ', onion maggot — Phorhia ceparum; 

 cotton worm — Aletia arf/iUacea; l)oll\vorm (corn-ear and tomato worm 

 of the Xorth) — HeUotliis armigerd; army worm — Leiicania unipuncfa\ 

 Hessian fly — Merisus destructor; corn-root aphis — Aphis »iaidi-radicis: 

 grain aphis or '' green bug " — Toxoptera gramineum ; chinch bug — Blissus 

 leucopterus ; scpiash bug — A nasa tristis ; grasshoppers (Rocky ^Mountain 

 locust) — Mehtnoplus sprefus; red-legged locust — Melanoplus femur- 

 ruhrum 



Forest and Shade-Tree Enemies: Cypsy moth — Ocnerin rfispar 

 (one of our most difficult prol)lems) ; brown-tail moth — Euproctis chrysr- 

 orrhea (a national problem) ; elm-leaf beetle — Gcderucella luteola ; white- 

 marked tussock moth — Xotolophus leucostlgma ; cottony maple scale — 

 Pulvinaria innumerahdis. 



Most of the Hymenoptera are Iiiglily beneficial insects, but 

 among them are a few so injurious and troublesome that 

 every meml:)er of a community ought to know them. These 



