3B0 



CIVIC BIOLOGY 



pi^pare a tive-ininute story to tell to the class. By timing 

 these stories so that they follow in orderly sequence we may 

 have the history of our science presented in an effective 

 way. The a,im is to kindle and foster the spirit of these men, 

 so that increase in knowledge and progress in discovery may 

 he assured from generation to generation. A number of names 

 liave been hicluded for sake of completeness. The more im- 

 portant and those especially interesting on account of their 

 contril^utions to civic biology are printed in black-faced type.^ 



1551 



B.C. 



540 



500 



450 



400 



350 

 820 

 ;J20 

 800 



A.D. 



79 



1(50 



1.542 



1.548 



Xenophanes : fir.st to recog- 

 nize fossils as proving that 

 the earth was formed under 

 the sea and rose out of it 



Heraclitus: often called the 

 tirst evolutionist ; he first 

 advanced the principle, irdv- 

 ra pel (all things flow^) 



Empedocles : first to suggest 

 natural selection and sur- 

 vival of the fittest 



Hippocrates: called "the Father 

 of Medicine "" 



Aristotle : founder of zoology 



Theoplirastus : first botanist 



Erasistratusi „ ^ . • ^ 

 - ., ^ first anatomists 

 Herophdus j 



Pliny : wrote first popular nat- 

 ural history 



Galen : founded medical physi- 

 ology 



Vesalius : founder of modern 

 anatomy 



Falloppio : anatomist 



Gesner: gathered first botani- 

 cal garden (of fruits and 

 flowers) and first zoological 

 museum 



15(>0 Eustachio : anatomist 



1588 Caisalpinus: classified plants 

 by flowers 



1 500 .Janssen, .T. and Z. : discovered 

 compound microscope 



l<i08 Fabricius : discovered valves 

 in the veins 



1008 Harvey : discovered circulation 

 of the blood 



1(122 Ascello : discovered the lac- 

 teals 



1(>40 Eudbeck: discovered the lym- 

 phatics 



l(i50 Swammerdam : first great stu- 

 dent of iu.sects in relation 

 to plants and medicine 



1061 Malpighi: discovered the capil- 

 laries in the lungs ; founded 

 modern embryology by a 

 study of the incubation of 

 the chick (1672) 



1667 Leeuwenhoek : first to see bac- 

 teria 



1 Historical books to which the class should have access for this work 

 are Locy, Biology and its Makers, New York, 1908 ; Baas, Outlines of the 

 History of Medicine (translated by Handerson), Xew York, 1889 ; Mial, 

 History of Biology, New York and London, 1911. 



