DIAGNOSIS AND SYMPTOMS OF DISEASE 13 



inflammation, or as a result of irritation frt)m dust or irritatinii^ 

 gases. Chronic eongh occurs when the disease is of long dura- 

 tion or chronic. In pleurisy the cough may be short and painful, 

 and in broken wind, deep and suppressed. In parasitic diseases 

 of the air passages and lungs, the paroxysm of coughing may be 

 severe and " husky " in character. 



The odor of the expired air, the character of the discharge 

 and the respiratory sounds found on making a careful examina- 

 tion are important aids in arriving at a correct diagnosis, and 

 in studying the progress of the disease. 



Body Temperature. — The body temperature of an animal is 

 taken by inserting the fever thermometer into the rectum. In 

 large animals a tive-inch, and in small aninuils a four-inch 

 fever thermometer is used. It should be inserted full length 



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>- VS/ 



Fig. 5. — Fever thermometer. 



and left in position from one and one-half to three minutes, 

 depending on the rapidity witli which it registers (Fig. 5), 

 The average normal body temperatures of domestic animals 

 are as follows: 



Horses 100.5" F. 



Cattle 101.4° F. 



Sheep 104.0° F. 



Swine 103.0° F. 



Dog 101.4° F. 



There is a wide variation in the body temperatures of domes- 

 tic animals. This is especially true of cattle, sheep and hogs. 

 In order to determine the normal temperature of an animal, it 

 may be necessary to take two or more readings at different times, 

 and compare them with the body temperatures of other animals 

 in the herd that are known to be healthy. 



Exercise, feeding, rumination, excitement, warm, close 



