64 NON-SPECIFIC OR GENERAL DISEASES 



and peritonitis. The outcome is less favorable in ruminants 

 than in solipeds. 



Inflammation of the sheath can be readily recognized because 

 of the local swelling. 



The following lines of treatment are recommended: A 

 ration or feed that favors the fonnation of calculi should not 

 be fed to animals; inflammation of the sheath should receive 

 prompt treatment — this consists in irrigating the part with 

 warm, soapy or alkaline water, followed by an antiseptic wash ; 

 we may attempt to work the urethral calculi forward and 

 out of the S-curve in the urethra ; if this is unsuccessful, ure- 

 throtomy for their removal may be attempted. 



The retention of tlie urine in horses, because of spasm or 

 paralysis of certain muscles, may be treated by passing the 

 catheter. Sometimes spreading litter under the horse and keep- 

 ing it quiet may induce it to urinate. Hot packs over the region 

 of the back may be used. The treatment for calculi is entirely 

 surgical. The operation for the removal of cystic calculi in the 

 horse, although difficult, is followed by good results. 



QUESTIONS 



1. Describe the urinary apparatus. 



2. Give tlie composition of the urine and quantity secreted in the different 



animals. 



3. State method of determining quantity and composition of urine secreted 



by different domestic animals. 



4. Give tlie causes and treatment of excessive urination. 



5. Give the causes and treatment of congestion and inllammation of the 



kidney's. 

 G. Give the causes of cystitis; symptoms; treatment. 

 7. Give the causes and treatment of retention of the urine. 



