98 NON-SPECIFIC OR GENERAL DISEASES 



from tlie nostrils may be slightly tinged with blood, or there 

 may be an intermittent discharge of blood from the nostrils or 

 mouth. The mucous membranes are pale, the animal trembles 

 and shows marked dyspnoea. 



The preventive treatment consists in using the proper judg- 

 ment in caring for, and in working or exercising animals. This 

 is especially true if the animal is affected with acute or chronic 

 disease. At the very beginning, bleeding should be practised. 

 Hot blankets renewed frequently and bandages to the limbs is 

 a very necessary part of the treatment. In case of severe pul- 

 monary hemorrhage, treatment is of little use. 



Pneumonia. — Inflammation of the lungs is more common 

 in horses than in any of the other domestic animals. The 

 croupous form is the most common. The inflammation may 

 affect one or both lungs, one or more lobes, or scattered lobules 

 of lung tissue. The inflammation may be acute, subacute or 

 chronic. 



The causes are very much the same as in other respiratory 

 diseases. Exposure to cold and wet, stable draughts, becoming 

 chilled after perspiring freely and washing the animal with 

 cold water are the common causes of pneumonia. Inflammation 

 of the lungs is especially apt to occur if the animal is not 

 accustomed to such exposure. Animals affected with other 

 respiratory diseases are predisposed to pneumonia. Drenching 

 animals by way of the nostril and irritating drenches, or re- 

 gurgitated feed passing into the air j)assages and lungs are the 

 traumatic causes of pneumonia. 



The symptoms vary in the different forms of pneumonia. 

 In case pneumonia occurs secondarily, the earliest symptoms 

 are confounded with those of the primary disease. The first 

 symptoms noticed may be a high body temperature, as indicated 

 by chills, and refusing to eat. The visible mucous membranes 

 are red and congested, the nostrils dilated, the respirations 

 quickened and difficult, the expired air hot and the pulse beats 



