DISEASES OF THE FORE-LIMB 159 



varies, and does not depend altogether on the size of the bony 

 enlargement. Large ring-bones interfere with the movement of 

 the tendon. Lameness is most pronounced when weight is thrown 

 on one foot, the later phase of the step being shortened and the 

 pastern more upright. Some cases improve with rest, but the 

 lameness returns when the animal is given hard work. 



The preventive treatment consists in giving the necessary 

 attention to the feet of young animals, by trimming the wall fre- 

 quently and keeping the feet in balance and the careful selection 

 of breeding stock. Resting the animal, keeping the foot that has 

 the ring-bone on it in proper balance and counterirritation by 

 means of blisters and cautery (searing) are important lines of 

 treatment. Shortening the toe and raising the heel, if necessary, 

 greatly relieves the lameness in some cases. Sectioning the sen- 

 sorv nerves that go to the part should not be practised, unless in 

 exceptional cases. 



QUESTIONS 



1. Give the causes of shoulder lameness; give the treatment. 



2. Describe capped elbow; give the treatment. 



3. What is " broken knee " ? 



4. What are "wind-galls" and "road-puffs"? 



5. Give the cause and treatment of sprung-knee. 



6. Give the cause and treatment of splints. 



7. What class of horses most commonly have strained tendons? Give the 



causes and treatment of this form of lameness. 



8. Give the treatment of contracted tendons in the new-born colt. 



9. Give the causes for interfering. 



10. \Miat are the different forms of ring-bone? Give the causes and treat- 

 ment of ring-bone. 



