218 SURGICAL DISEASES 



neck, is the best preventive for shoulder and neck injuries. Old, 

 ill-fitting, lumpy collars should not be used. Neither should the 

 same collar be used for different horses. Farmers should avoid 

 using sweat pads that are lumpy or soaked with sweat. If soft 

 and dry, such pads are useful in preventing galling. The sur- 

 faces of the collar or saddle that come in contact with the skin 

 should be kept smooth and clean. In the spring of the year, it is 

 advisable to bathe the shoulders of work horses with cold water 

 twice a day. Bathing the shoulders with the following prepara- 

 tion is a useful preventive measure : lead acetate four ounces, 

 zinc sulfate three ounces and water one gallon. Smooth leather 

 pads for the top of the collar and saddle are useful preventive 

 and curative agents. 



Galls are best treated by rest. Ointments or " gall cures " 

 are usually applied. The following dry dressing dusted over the 

 red, moist, abraded surfaces is quite healing: tannic acid one 

 ounce, boric acid four ounces, and calomel two ounces. This 

 may be dusted over the part two or three times daily. Dry, 

 abraded surfaces may be treated by applying a mixture of 

 glycerine four ounces, tannic acid one-half ounce and carbolic 

 acid one dram. In operating for the removal of fibrous enlarge- 

 ments, thickened skin and abscesses on the front of the shoulder, 

 it is advisable to make the incision in the skin well to the side of 

 the face of the shoulder in order to avoid scarring the surface 

 that comes in contact with the collar. 



QUESTIONS 



1. Name and describe the difTereiit kinds of fractures. 



2. What are the symptoms of fracture? 



3. Describe the treatment of fractures. 



4. Wliat are the causes of harness injuries? 



5. Describe the treatment of the different liarncss injuries. 



