266 PARASITIC DISEASES 



as the female, and when attached to the anterior third of the 

 female, gives the pair a forked appearance. 



Fowls Ijecome infested with the gape-worm by eating the 

 adult parasite that has been expectorated, or an earth worm that 

 is host for the immature parasite. The embryo gape-wonn is 

 freed in the intestine, and from here they are supposed to 

 migrate into the abdominal air sacs and to the trachea and 

 bronchi. 



The sijinptoms are most severe in very young fowls. The 

 affected bird opens its mouth and appears to gasp for breath, 

 sneeze and attemj^t to swallow. In the severe cases the appetite 

 is interfered with, mucus accumulates in the mouth and the 

 bird is dull and listless. The death rate is quite high in young 

 chickens and turkeys. 



The treat mod is both preventive and curative. If the gape- 

 worm is known to be present in the runs, the gi'ound should be 

 covered with lime, and the fowls moved to fresh runs if possi- 

 ble. The young birds should not be exposed to tlie infection 

 until they are well feathered out. Antiseptics may be given 

 with tlie drinking water. Disinfectants should be used freely 

 about the poultry houses, and the quarters kept clean. The 

 worms may be snared by inserting a stiff horse hair that has 

 been twisted and forms a loop into the trachea. This may be 

 dipped into camphorated oil or turpentine. This treatment 

 should be repeated until the bird has been relieved. 



QUESTIONS 



1. Name the difTercnt groups of internal parasites; give examples of each. 



2. What conditions favor liver rot? Give tlie life history of the liver fluke. 



3. Name three common tapeworms; give the life history of the beef and 



pork tapeworms. 



4. Name the common intestinal worms of horses and give the treatment. 



5. Give the symptoms and treatment of stomach-worm disease of sheep. 



6. Name the common intestinal worms of hogs and give treatment. 



7. What species of domestic animals suflfer most of verminous bronchitis? 



Give the treatment. 



8. Name the common internal parasites of poultry and give treatment. 



