FORESTRY OF JAPAN. 17. 



of 2 5' C. ill Otomari, Karafuto, the coldest district. In observing 

 the temperature for the seven months from April to October 

 which have important relations to the growth of forest trees, 

 thus it will be seen that in Kyushu, the average temperature 

 is 21 2' C, in Shikoku 20 9/ C, in the southern part of 

 Honshu 20 4' C, in the northern part of Honshu 18 4' C, in 

 Hokkaido 12 7' C. and even in the high mountainous dis- 

 tricts, it falls seldom below io C. In Karafuto, during this 

 period, the average temperature is io C. while the maximum 

 temperature runs up to over iy C. When these figures are 

 compared with Dove's standard temperatures, it is about a 

 degree higher in summer and about seven degrees lower in 

 winter. 



The geology of the forest districts in Japan possesses all 

 the strata from the archaean formation to the cainozoic forma- 

 tion and are very complicated in their composition. The 

 forest lands in Karafuto consists of rocky strata subsequent to 

 chalk, and of rocks of archaean formation. The forest lands 

 in Hokkaido consist of rocks of neovolcanic strata, of 

 aqueous rocks and sandstone, tuff and conglomerate of the 

 Tertiary peroid, and a small section consists of the land belong- 

 ing to the palaeozoic strata. Forest lands in the northern part 

 of Honshu such as Aomori and Akita are chiefly of the igneous 

 rocks in the Tertiary period. In the central part of Japan, 

 mountain veins facing the Pacific consist of the strata belong- 

 ing to an archaean formation while the forest lands of Kiso 

 are composed of granite, other igneous rocks, and the soil 

 of archaean formation. The geology of the land in Muro in 

 the province of Kii, is of porphyry belonging to the 



