FORESTRY OF JAPAN. 33 



pictum TJunib.) but it forms a grand and extensive pure forest 

 at points 300 metres above sea level in the mountain ranges of 

 such provinces as Aomori, Iwate, Echigo, and Yamagata. 

 The wood is but little used as the material for buildings and 

 other similar purposes but as fuel, it forms one of the import- 

 ant supplies. These forests supply the fuel in the smelting 

 places of Kosaka, Ani, Ashio and other mines. This species 

 grows in shady places and grows incessantly until it reaches 

 the mature age and become very large. It is said that the 

 Ainu (Natives of Hokkaido) used to make a canoes out of this 

 wood. 



Yachidamo [Fraximis mandshurica Rupr.), Katsura {Cer- 

 cidiphyllwn japonicum S. ct Z.). Of the broad-leaved trees in 

 Hokkaido, these are the only varieties used as the material for 

 buildings. They are also used as the decorative material and 

 grow very extensively so that they are seen all over Hokkaido. 

 They also thrive among the rocky valleys in mountains in 

 the northern part of Honshu, finding a congenial soil in plains 

 and wet places. The wood being soft and tenacious, has 

 the qualities of durability and elasticity. Of late, it is being 

 exported to North China as railway sleepers. 



Inu-enju (Cladrastis amurensis B. et H. var. floribiinda 

 Maxim.'). This species grows with other broad-leaved trees in 

 the central as well as in the northern part of Honshu and the 

 southern part of Hokkaido. The wood is of a peculiar 

 nature possessing a beautiful lustre. It is used as the material 

 for the best class of utensils and implements and valued also 

 as the material for buildings and decorative purposes. 



Kurumi {Juglans Sicboldiana Maxim.). It grows most 



