FORESTRY OF JAPAN. 97 



According to the above table the amount of the seed 

 sown and the number of the seedlings transplanted in the 

 nursery beds of the State forests have increased year after year, 

 and this fact indicates the gradual prosperity of the sylvicul- 

 tural works in State forests. A comparison of the results in 

 raising seedlings between the conifers and the broad-leaved 

 trees gave at first the ratio of i against 10, but owing to the 

 encouragement of the cultivation of the broad-leaved trees the 

 proportion has been considerably changed in recent years. 

 Among the conifers, the most numerous species are Crypt ome- 

 ria japonica Don., Chantaecyparis obtusa S, et Z., Larix 

 leptolepis Gord., and Pinus densi flora S. et Z. and among the 

 broad-leaved trees we may mention Quercus scrrata Thunb., 

 Cinnamomum Camphor a Nees., Zelkowa acuminata PL, Quercus 

 species, Juglans Sieboldiana Maxim., and Castanea vulgaris Lam. 

 var. japonica Dc. In the case of forests newly planted, with the 

 exception of forests for the purpose of protection against collapse 

 of soil, weeds and bramles are required to be removed during 

 a certain period in order to allow seedlings to have a full 

 growth. The best season for such removing is the summer 

 when there is a rich growth of vegetation. The practice is 

 sometimes repeated during a year according to the condition 

 of forest lands and the growth of weeds. In ordinary cases, the 

 removing of the grass is annually kept up for three years after 

 plantation, and after that, it is continued for 14 or 15 years 

 once in every other years. 



In order to assist the growth of seedlings not only the 

 elimination of obstacles is a necessity, but a sufficient protec- 

 tion must be rendered preventing various damages before they 



