INFLUENCE OF FORESTS ON CLIMATE 11 
The most important publication on the influence of 
forests on climate is a memoir of 197 pages, entitled 
Forest Influences, by E. B. Fernow and other writers, which 
was issued in 1893 as Bulletin No. 7 by the Forestry 
Division of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. The 
reader may also peruse with interest the paper (12), 
On the Thermal Influence of Forests, read by Robert Louis 
Stevenson, the famous novelist, at Edinburgh in 1873. 
Stevenson suggested systematic observations at three sets of 
stations, in plantations, just outside them, and at a distance. 
Such researches (13) had, however, been begun in 1866 by 
Mathieu in the neighbourhood of Nancy, where observations 
at three stations were carried out continuously till 1899. 
The German Meteorological Forest Service, which was 
established in 1875, has made similar observations at 
various stations from that date onwards, 
NOTES 
1. In Proc. Amer. Soc. Civil Engineers, vol. 34, pp. 924-927 (1908). 
2. Giandotti’s monograph appeared originally in Giornale del Genio 
Civile, Rome, 1915, pp. 325-408 and 425-487. It is divided into two 
parts: (1) the influence of forests on climate in general and on precipitation, 
and (2) the influence of forests on the regulation of surface water and under- 
ground water. A full account is given of the researches of Ototzky in Russia 
on the influence of forests on underground water. Floods in rivers, where 
the forests are preserved and where they are cleared, are discussed. A final 
section is devoted to Italy. 
3. Isohyetal lines or isohyetals are lines drawn through and connecting 
places having equal amounts of rainfall. 
4. In Internat. Bull. Agric. Intelligence, iii. p. 444 (1912). 
5. See J. E. Church, in Engineering Record, 13th June 1914 and 17th 
April 1915; Scientific American Supplement, 7th Sept. 1912, p. 152; 
Sonderabdruck Meteorol. Zeitschr. xxx., 1913, Heft 1; Quarterly Jowrnal 
R. Meteorological Society, xi. 43-55 (Jan. 1914); S. P. Ferguson in Science 
Conspectus, April 1913, pp. 152-157; Norman De W. Betts, in Proc. Soc, 
Amer. Foresters, xi. 27-32 (1916); Journ. of Forestry, xvi. 585 (1918). 
6. U.S. Geol. Survey, Water-Supply Paper, 234, p. 11 (1909). 
7. Hall and Maxwell, U.S. Forest Service Circular, 176, p. 11, and Proce. 
Soc. Amer. Foresters, iv. 183-150 (1909). 
8. See Austin F. Hawes, ‘‘Influence of Forests on Water Storage and 
Stream-Flow,” in Proc. Vermont Society of Engineers, 12th March 1914, 
p- 29; and Science, 21st June 1912, p. 959. 
9. See Meteorological Office Circular, No. 6, p. 4 (Nov. 1916). 
10. At the Annual Meeting of the British Waterworks Association at 
Birmingham, 1918, Mr. C. H. Roberts said: ‘‘ Records in Aberdeen went 
