52 FORESTS, WOODS, AND TREES 
platanus), which is more frequently planted. Both trees 
resist wind well, and can be freely used in seaport towns. 
The Norway maple is a favourite tree for planting in 
American cities, being considered superior for that purpose 
to any of the native species; and it is strange that it is so 
seldom seen in our streets. 
Elms are much planted in towns, but are often un- 
successful, as the proper kinds have not been chosen. The 
English elm (Ulmus campestris of English authors) is a 
beautiful tree in the south of England, retaining its foliage, 
which turns a brilliant yellow, till late in October, long 
after other kinds have lost their leaves. It grows to a 
large size, and is unsuitable for streets on that account ; 
moreover, it suffers badly from smoke. In parks it must 
be planted with discretion, as old trees are liable to drop 
their branches in calm weather without warning, and have 
been the cause of fatal injuries. The English elm, it must 
be remembered, is distinctly a southern tree, and it does 
not thrive well in Scotland and in most parts of Ireland. 
The wych elm (Ulmus montana) grows to a great size, and 
succeeds fairly well in windswept localities. It is suitable 
for planting in town parks in Scotland, Northern England, 
and Ireland. The weeping wych elm, of which there are 
two distinct varieties (6) (var. horizontalis and var. Camper- 
downensis), is much planted in parks and cemeteries, and 
thrives in Edinburgh and Dublin as well as it does in 
London. 
The elms, which are imported as seedlings from French 
nurseries under the name Ulmus campestris, are quite 
distinct from the English elm, and are now correctly 
named Ulmus nitens. They have been largely planted in 
Edinburgh and other towns, but are not very successful 
in resisting smoke and drought. The best elm for planting 
in streets is undoubtedly the Jersey or Wheatley elm, which 
assumes a regular pyramidal form. The Cornish elm (U/mus 
stricta), less regular in shape but similar in foliage to the 
last, bears wind extremely well, and should be tried in 
gardens and streets of sea-coast towns. The Belgian elm 
