104 FORESTS, WOODS, AND TREES 
map, is given by B. L. and W. L. Mansergh in Proc. Inst. 
Ciwil Engineers, vol. 190, pp. 3-88 (1912). See also 
Ward and Baddeley, Guide to South Wales, p. 106 (1903). 
The average annual rainfall over the whole area is 69 
inches. 
NOTES 
1. In Journ. Sanitary Institute, xxii. (1901) p, 471. 
2. In a valuable paper, ‘‘ Afforestation of Water Catchment Areas,” read 
before the British Association at Southport in 1903. See Zvans, Roy. Scot. 
Arbor, Soc. xvii, p. 223 (1904). 
3. In Proc. Inst. Civil Engineers, vol. 167 (1907), p. 240. 
4, In Proc. Inst. Civil Engineers, vol. 181 (1910), p. 148. 
5. Water from many of the moorland gathering grounds of Yorkshire and 
Lancashire, and from lakes in some cases (Loch Katrine, for instance), is not 
filtered in any way. 
6. ‘‘The Afforestation of Waterworks Catchment Areas” in Trans. Roy. 
Lng. Arbor, Soc, vi. 276-284 (1906). 
7. See Memorandum to Dundee Water Commissioners, 22nd December 
1910, reprinted in Zrans. Roy. Scot. Arbor, Soc. xxiv. 191 (1911). 
8. In Proc, Inst. Civil Engineers, vol. 167, p. 154 (1907). 
9. See Report of Royal Commission on LHousing, Scotland, Blue Book, Cd. 
8731 of 1917, pp. 253, 254, 260. 
. 10. This paragraph is taken from Return as to Water Undertakings in 
England and Wales, Parl. Paper, 1915, No. 395, p, xxxvi. 
11. See Jowrnal of Board of Agriculture, xvi. p. 265 (July 1909) ; also 
Trans, Roy. Scot. Arbor. Soc, xxiii, p. 22 (1910). 
12. An interesting account of the Vyrnwy and Rivington Afforestation 
Schemes was given by Mr. Joseph Parry at the Board of Agriculture A fforesta- 
tion Conference on 25th June 1907 (Parl. Paper, No. 98, pp. 26-30). Mr. 
Harmood Banner, of the Association of Municipal Corporations, considered 
that municipalities were bound to afforest around their sewage-farms, ‘‘ to 
hide that ugly blot which so very often comes near our towns{and disfigures 
the scenery.” 
13. An account, with map, of the Vyrnwy Waterworks is given by G. F. 
Deacon in Proc. Inst. Civil Engineers, vol, 126, pp. 26-69 (1896). 
14. An account, with map, of the Thirlmere Waterworks is given by 
G. H. Hill in Proc. Inst. Civil Engineers, vol. 126, pp. 4-25 (1896). 
15. See W. R. Fisher, Working Plan Report of Woodlands round Lake 
Thirlmere (1908); and Sir Bosden Leech, in Board of Agriculture Afforesta- 
tion Conference Report, 1907, p. 38. 
16. In Fig. 15 the three different operations of the mattock in planting 
stony ground are shown from left to right: (1) The turf is pared off with 
the flat end of the mattock, the pointed end being used for loosening the 
soil ; (2) the plant is inserted ; and (3) the plant is made firm in the soil. 
In ordinary soils the plants are notched with spades into the pits prepared 
by the mattock. 
17. See Timber Trades Journal, 19th October 1918, p. 503. 
18. See Minutes of Evidence, vol. ii. part ii. p. 224, Royal Commission on 
Coast Erosion (1909). 
