178 FORESTS, WOODS, AND TREES 
and 1600 feet elevation, supplying Hisehope reservoir 
(1128 feet O.D.) and Smiddy Shaw reservoir (1120 
feet O.D.), all hill pasture except one acre of gardens. 
The Company own or hold on perpetual lease from the 
Ecclesiastical Commissioners the sites of the reservoirs only, 
namely, 206 acres (102 owned, 104 leased) on the Weardale 
area, and 135 acres (leased) on the Derwent area. On the 
Weardale area there are 6 farmsteads and 13 houses, and on 
the Derwent area 2 houses only. The drainage from the farm- 
steads is, by agreement with the landowners, diverted on to 
meadowland. The water is filtered. For further particulars 
see R. Askwith, M.Inst.C.E., in Trans. Inst. Water Engineers, 
xiv. 60 (1910). 
III. LANCASHIRE 
Twenty-one local authorities obtain their water supply 
from gathering grounds with a total extent of 66,412 
acres, of which 27,085 acres are owned by 12 corporations. 
The chief authorities owning water catchment areas in 
Lancashire are Liverpool, Bolton, Bury, and the Heywood 
and Middleton Water Board. Liverpool has planted 1300 
acres on the Rivington area. Bury has not been very success- 
ful with an afforestation scheme which was begun in 1908. 
Planting on the Bolton areas has been a failure. There 
are woods of small extent on the Fylde, Fulwood, and 
Preston gathering grounds, The moorlands of Lancashire, 
owing to their exposure to the west wind and the preva- 
lence of smoke from the neighbouring manufacturing towns 
in some districts, are not favourably situated for tree-growth. 
The degree to which the air of the densely populated part 
of Lancashire is fouled by smoke, and the consequent 
deleterious effect on vegetation, are not fully recognised. 
The whole of southern Lancashire (the half of the county 
lying south of the river Ribble), and especially the dis- 
trict between Blackburn, Accrington, and Burnley on the 
north, and Wigan, Bolton, and Manchester on the south, are 
far too much affected by smoke to allow of anything 
