no Forests and Trees 



range of the balsam fir, which is marked by a line drawn 

 from the southern extremity of James Bay northwesterly 

 to the Yukon river, where it enters Alaska, and north- 

 easterly so as to include almost the whole Labrador penin- 

 sula. 



On the eastern half of the continent, these species are 

 joined farther south by the best and most popular of all 

 the cone-bearing trees, the white pine. This tree, with its 

 intimate associates, the red or Norway pine, the hemlock, 

 and the white cedar, soon almost replace the others, form- 

 ing the immense pine woods of eastern Canada and the 

 northeastern States. The white pine has been ruthlessly 

 sacrificed to the greed and carelessness of man, until it is 

 doubtful if any primitive growth now remains. A great 

 deal of the area which it formerly occupied, however, is 

 unfit for cultivation, and let us hope that man will in some 

 measure undo this wrong by seeing that it is properly 

 stocked with this king of the great pine family. 



Farther south, the pines and hemlocks are gradually 

 replaced by the broad-leaved hardwoods beech, maple, 

 basswood, elm and ash with many other less plentiful 

 species. 



West of the Great Lakes the hardwood forests are not 

 found. The prairie, fringed by a wide border of mixed 

 timber and grassland, extends northward to meet the 

 spruce woods poplar, spruce and tamarack prevailing. 

 In places, along river bottoms or on sheltered hillsides, 

 groves of green ash, bur oak, Manitoba maple and white 

 elm are found, but while these growths sometimes cover 



