GROWING FROM CUTTINGS. 31 
cuttings are wanted for planting. In spring, so soon as 
the weather is suitable, take out the cuttings and plant 
them in trenches made with a plow or spade, placing them 
two or three inches apart in the row, and the rows from 
3wo to four feet apart, according to the manner in which 
they are to be cultivated. The cuttings should be placed 
nearly their whole length in the ground, and in an up- 
right position, leaving only an inch or two above the sur- 
face. Press the soil firmly around them, and give the same 
care as for seedlings, with a similar soil and situation. 
These remarks apply only to deciduous trees, and are 
general in their character. Specific directions as to 
whether the cuttings are to be made of young or old wood, 
will be noticed in another place. In making the cuttings, 
it is always best to cut. just below a bud, and square across 
instead of sloping, although it will make but little dif 
ference except with those kinds which have a large pith; 
with such kinds there is danger of too much water enter- 
ing the lower part of the cutting and causing it to decay 
before it can take root. But if cut off just at the base of 
a bud, this is prevented, as at this point there is usually 
a cross section of wood entirely closing the space occupied 
by the pith in other portions of the stem. 
Some kinds of evergreen trees may also be readily prop: 
agated by cuttings. This is only advisable when seeds 
can not be obtained, or when it is desirable to multiply 
some particular variety upon whose seeds, if they were to 
be obtained, there could be no certainty of getting plants 
like the parent. The Arborvitzs, Junipeis, Yews, etc., 
are often successfully propagated without artificial heat 
