BUDDING, GRAFTING, ETC. 41 
be inserted under the bark of the stock, and unless this 
ean be done the operation will usually fail. We have to 
depend upon assimilated or true sap to form the junction 
between the bud and stock, the same as we did with the 
layers to produce roots, for the operations are analogous ; 
only in budding, the alburnous matter forms a union with 
the same material in the stock, while in the layer it is 
emitted in the form of roots. 
HOW PERFORMED. 
In fig. 6, a, we have a bud which is to be transferred to 
the stock; a knife is inserted about one inch below it and 
passed upward, and brought out about a half inch above 
it, cutting out a piece of bark with a thin slice of wood, of 
Fig. 6. 
a form as shown by the circular line in the figure. We 
now make a cut across the stock, cutting just through the 
bark, and then another longitudinally downward about an 
inch long, as shown in fig. 7; then insert the lower end of 
