49 THE FOREST TREE OCULTURIST. 
the bark containing the bud under the bark of the stock at 
the point where the incisions meet, and press it down to its 
place. If the bark of the stock is firm and does not part eas- 
ily, the edges must be lifted slightly so as to allow the bud 
to pass under it freely. Ifthe portion with the bud does not 
pass completely under, then cut off the bark at the upper 
end even with the cross cut in the stock so that it shall fit 
it smoothly. In fig. 7 a bud is shown taken out after the 
upper end has been cut off to fit. And on this is also 
shown a portion of a leaf stem as it is usually left. When 
buds are taken from the young wood, the leaves are cut 
off, leaving only about a half inch of the lower portion of 
the stem. 
After the bud is inserted, it is then secured in its place 
by a ligature, which may be of bass bark, 
woolen yarn, soft twine, or some similar 
material. Fig. 8 shows a bud as it appears 
when tied in its place. The stock should 
not be over an inch in diameter, nor much 
less than one half inch, whether it be upon 
the main stem of a seedling or upon the 
branch of a large tree. After the bud has 
firmly united to the stock, which will usual- 
_ ly be in two or three weeks, the ligature 
should be loosened, or removed entirely. 
Fig: 6. The bud is not expected to push into growth 
until the next spring (nor is it desirable that it should, 
though it sometimes will), at which time the stock above 
the bud should be cut away and the bud allowed to grow 
undisturbed. If sprouts appear on the stock they should 
