BUDDING, GRAFTING, ETC. 45 
The stock, whether it be a branch of a large tree or a 
young seedling of one or two inches in diameter, is cut 
off square across with a saw; it is then split with a chisel 
or knife, and the cleft kept open by a wedge until the 
graft (which is usually called a cion) is inserted ; the cion 
is usually made from a young branch of the last year’s 
growth, about three inches long, containing two or three 
buds. The lower end is made wedge-shape, the two sides 
being sloped about an inch and a half; it is then inserted 
in the cleft, care being taken that the outside of the wood 
of the cion and stock are just even, or, in other words, that 
the inside of the bark of each meets that of the other. 
The wedge employed to keep the cleft open is withdrawn 
when the cions are inserted. Two 
cions may be inserted in each stock, 
if it be more than an inch in diame- 
ter ; but only one should be allowed 
to grow, always reserving the best; 
after it is known that both have 
united. Fig. 11 shows a stock cleft 
grafted, also a cion ready for inser- 
tion. After the cions have been 
fixed in place, the end of the stock 
and down the cleft should be cov- 
ered with grafting-wax, to prevent 
the wind drying the exposed wood, as well as to exclude 
air and water and preventing a union taking place. 
SPLICE GRAFTING, 
This method is employed when the stock and cion are 
